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28 policy and EU development policy.” 54 The social problems, for example, resulting from European agricultural policy for millions of small farmers in the countries of the South are well known, have been studied and have been the object of large campaigns by civil society: As for example the problems, risks and consequences of the WTO negotiations on services (GATS) and the privatization and commercialization of public goods or as another example the negotiations for a Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) within the framework of the OECD (1998) and the campaign preceding the 5th WTO Ministerial Conference in Cancún, Mexico during the year 2003. The investment-issue is, among other topics, also on the agenda of free trade negotiations between the EU and MERCOSUR: “As always, investment negotiations have major implications for the environment and sustainable development. Investment is the only tool that can reliably shift currently unsustainable economies towards more sustainable practices. At the same time, international investment agreements have proven themselves to be potential obstacles to the ability of governments to adopt measures that are needed to promote sustainability. The EU/MERCOSUR investment negotiations must be monitored from the perspective of the environment and sustainable development.” 55 Will there be a final conclusion on investment within the EU-MERCOSUR free trade negotiations? Will there be some kind of “trade off” between the negotiation partners, e.g., concessions of the Europeans in the agricultural area – the abolishment or reduction of agricultural subsidies and the suspension of import-quotas – against MERCOSUR’s concessions in the areas of investment and government procurement? Would the expected macroeconomic gains of MERCOSUR countries in the agricultural sector compensate the expected set-backs in the areas of investment, free capital flows and public procurement? Or is the investment issue just used 54 Own translation of the following original text: “Auch innerhalb der EU ist unter dem Stichwort “Kohärenz” noch einiges zu leisten. So gibt es immer noch drastische Widersprüche zwischen EU-Handelspolitik, EU-Agrarpolitik und EU-Entwicklungspolitik.” Taken from: The German Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development, Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, at the Bundestag on June 14, 2002, in the debate on the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg 2002, http://www.bmz.de/presse/reden/rede20020614.html. 55 Konrad von Moltke (International Institute for Sustainable Development): European Union / MERCOSUR Negotiations. The Environment and Sustainable Development Dimension, edited by the WWF European Policy Office, Belgium & WWF Brazil, April 2002, p. 4.
as a pretext by the Europeans in order to trade it generously against the concessions made by MERCOSUR to avoid the agricultural issue? Should the investment demands of the EU in this sense just be an object of negotiation in the bid for other issues, i.e.: “A bone thrown to the dogs?” 56 56 Concerning these issues of negotiation-manoeuverings regarding the investment regulations in the framework of NAFTA and FTAA also see: Ramón Torrent: Acordos Internacionais. O capítulo XI do Nafta e as negociações da Alca: a bone thrown to the dogs? A verdadeira história das negociações do Acordo Multilateral de Investimentos - AMI ainda não foi escrita, in: Revista Brasileira de Comércio Exterior, FUNCEX No. 74, January - March 2003. 29
Page 2 and 3: Christian Russau Enforcement of int
Page 4 and 5: Preface Since the end of 1999 the C
Page 6 and 7: If the “Interregional Association
Page 8 and 9: 8 Chapter 5: The enforcement of int
Page 10 and 11: 10 1.1 Negotiations of the “Inter
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120 c) The still pending Doha “De
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130 um den Markt der wiederentdeckt
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134 DIHK Deutscher Industrie- und H
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136 Lomé Lomé-Agreement between E
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