American Bison - Buffalo Field Campaign

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Table 8.1 (continued) Country/ State Province Manitoba Saskatchewan Northwest Territories Animal Classification Wildlife Domestic Yes for wood bison; No for plains bison. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yukon Yes Yes Protected and/or Wildlife Status Provincial Heritage Status-S1- Susceptible to Extirpation; Listed as “at Risk” by CESCC; Plains bison are not listed as “Wildlife” but are classed as Livestock; Wood bison are protected in the Chitek Lake area. Provincial Heritage status - S3=Vulnerable; CESCC status as “may be at risk”; Bison are “Wildlife” but there are no open hunting seasons; Department of National Defense offers protection due to prohibition of trespass except by Cold Lake First Nations; First Nations have aboriginal hunting rights; protected in Buffalo Pound Provincial Park, Prince Albert and Grasslands National Parks; Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC) Old Man on His Back Conservation Area. Both plains and wood bison are “Wildlife”; Wood bison are designated as in danger of becoming extinct; Some regulated hunting of wood bison is allowed in designated herds; Importation of plains bison prohibited. Both plains and wood bison are “Wildlife”; Wood bison are a protected species; Importation of plains bison prohibited. Long Term Conservation Goal No for plains bison; Yes for wood bison, with National Recovery Plan. No for plains bison except in National or Provincial Parks; Yes for wood bison, with National Recovery Plan. Yes, wood bison in National Recovery Plan; Bison harvest is regulated under a co-management process; Hook Lake is managed under a specific Hook Lake Recovery Plan. Yes, wood bison in National Recovery Plan; Bison are managed on a sustained yield basis under a cooperative management plan. 72 American Bison: Status Survey and Conservation Guidelines 2010 Key Statutes or Policies Affecting Conservation Manitoba Wildlife Act (2004); Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives (2003). Saskatchewan Wildlife Act (1998); The Wildlife Regulations, 1981; Saskatchewan Game Farm Policy 1998 includes captive bison; Range Access Agreement between CLFN and DND (2002); Saskatchewan Parks Act (1997); Cooperative Inter- Jurisdiction Plains Bison Management Strategy. Northwest Territories Wildlife Act (1964) designated wood bison a protected species; Agency policies prevent plains bison ranches or introduction to the wild. Yukon Wildlife Act (2002); Agency policies prevent plains bison ranches or introduction to the wild. Proposals for Restoration No for plains bison; Wood bison under National Recovery Plan. Plains bison in Grasslands National Park; Wood bison under National Recovery Plan. No No Major Legislative and/or Policy Obstacles Status of plains bison as “livestock”; Agricultural and forestry conflicts. Agriculture and forestry conflicts; Limited suitable habitat. Conservation status of hybrid plains/ woods bison in WBNP.
Table 8.1 (continued) Country/ State Province and protection of the Janos-Hildago bison herd is an example of this rising conservation interest. Bison in this specific population are protected by endangered species status under federal law. All other bison in Mexico are privately owned and maintained on fenced private property. Animal Classification Wildlife Domestic Mexico Yes Yes Tribal and First Nations Yes Yes Over 93% of the bison in North America are privately owned and managed for commercial production (Chapter 7). Bison can be kept as domestic livestock in all of the U.S. These bison are privately owned and typically managed for meat production or breeding. In Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, where bison are regulated as livestock, individuals in the private sector may own bison. In British Columbia, bison may be produced commercially, but a game- farming license is required. Commercial herds owned by individuals, corporations, or NGOs are managed independently, subject to market forces, and regulations governing animal health and trade. In the Yukon and Northwest Territories, existing policy prevents the establishment of plains bison ranches or their introduction into the wild. There is no unified conservation effort or regulatory framework that encourages or facilitates conservation of commercial bison as wildlife at national, state or provincial levels. The “laundering” of wild animals through captive-breeding operations and farms has not been detected in Canada or the U.S Protected and/or Wildlife Status Appeared as extirpated in 1994; In 2002 red-list Janos bison were listed as endangered. Varies by tribe or First Nation; Most tribes with strong cultural histories protect bison for tribal use; The Intertribal Bison Cooperative has 57 member tribes that are actively pursuing bison management for cultural and commercial interests. Long Term Conservation Goal Not officially, however nongovernmental conservation is emerging and proposing a long-term vision for conservation preserves. Yes, depending upon tribal conservation programmes; Some tribes are developing advanced game codes and sophisticated species restoration and management plans. Key Statutes or Policies Affecting Conservation Secretaria de Desarrollo Social, 1994-NOM-059- ECOL-1994. Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales-NOM-059- ECOL-2001. Varies but generally determined by Tribal Council and managed by Tribal Fish and Game Commissions; Intertribal Bison Cooperative was formed to encourage the restoration of bison; Cultural consideration is primary driver for legal and policy considerations by each tribe. 8.3.2 Disease status Proposals for Restoration Yes, Developing a National Recovery Plan. Major Legislative and/or Policy Obstacles Agriculture conflicts; Lack of suitable habitats: Small properties available; Economic and market obstacles; Lack of public interest: A developing wildlife conservation programme; Varied status of the Janos bison at the international border with New Mexico Early in the history of bison restoration, diseases were not considered very important and restoration efforts proceeded with limited concern for the transfer of pathogens. As a result of significant failures to guard against disease transfer and control during translocation, bison restoration projects today have to overcome some historic baggage. With the development of an extensive and aggressive domestic animal disease control programme in North America during the mid to late 1900s, the implications of diseases to wildlife restoration has increased (Friend 2006). Furthermore, with the successful restoration of many wildlife species, and the subsequent increase in their distribution, these same diseases are now very important to the wildlife community (Wobeser 1994). Finally, increased globalisation and the high mobility of society are increasing the likelihood of pathogen transfer across continents, thereby increasing the vigilance of disease control programmes (Friend 2006). As a result, efforts to conduct bison restoration will have to consider the significance of diseases in restoration projects. For a comprehensive review of diseases significant to bison conservation, the reader should refer to Chapter 5 of this document. Unfortunately, disease issues often trump conservation interests, especially when the conservation actions are likely to come in direct conflict with powerful agricultural industries. This will necessitate the careful selection of source American Bison: Status Survey and Conservation Guidelines 2010 73 Yes Variability of tribal government structure and function; Agriculture conflicts; Variable wildlife conservation and management infrastructure.
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American Bison Status Survey and Co
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American Bison Status Survey and Co
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Table of Contents Acknowledgements
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6.3 Demographics ..................
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9.6 Active Management: Handling, He
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This manuscript is the product of m
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ABS American Bison Society ABSG Ame
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The publication of this IUCN Americ
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and foothills. Bison have a profoun
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Chapter 1 Introduction: The Context
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composition and function, as well a
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Chapter 2 History of Bison in North
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Figure 2.1 Original ranges of plain
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Charles Alloway (Manitoba), Charles
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nomadic “Plains Indian Culture”
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Chapter 3 Taxonomy and Nomenclature
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demonstrate that Bison and Bos were
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from their original habitat near th
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Chapter 4 Genetics As a science, po
Page 39 and 40: Selection for diversity in one syst
Page 41 and 42: cross, however, the latter is more
Page 43 and 44: the conservation of the wild specie
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 5 Reportable or Notifiable
Page 47 and 48: one) followed by its widespread dis
Page 49 and 50: cattle at similar levels to S19 (Ch
Page 51 and 52: long as 156 days post-infection. So
Page 53 and 54: and elk herds migrate across severa
Page 55 and 56: These concepts are being developed
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 6 General Biology, Ecology
Page 59 and 60: leave the herd prior to calving or
Page 61 and 62: historically dependent on a combina
Page 63 and 64: 6.2.1.2.1 Northern mixed grasslands
Page 65 and 66: woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus
Page 67 and 68: season: Wolfe and Kimball (1989) re
Page 69 and 70: Table 6.4 Age-specific reproductive
Page 71 and 72: 6.3.4 Population growth rates The r
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 7 Numerical and Geographic
Page 75 and 76: Sixty-two plains bison and 11 wood
Page 77 and 78: Figure 7.4 Representation of plains
Page 79 and 80: Plate 7.3 Male plains bison sparrin
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 8 Legal Status, Policy Issu
Page 83 and 84: administrations, and the increasing
Page 85 and 86: Table 8.1 Current legal status of p
Page 87 and 88: Table 8.1 (continued) Country/ Stat
Page 89: Table 8.1 (continued) Country/ Stat
Page 93 and 94: 8.4 Legal and Policy Obstacles Hind
Page 95 and 96: 8.5 Overcoming Obstacles to the Eco
Page 97 and 98: indigenous peoples’ land (Dudley
Page 99 and 100: 3) Develop outreach to state and fe
Page 101 and 102: 8.5.5.3 Mexico Since the original r
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 9 Conservation Guidelines f
Page 105 and 106: animals are proportionately removed
Page 107 and 108: 6. Maintenance number and growth ra
Page 109 and 110: 4. Health and disease All attempts
Page 111 and 112: Table 9.4 Important considerations
Page 113 and 114: northern bison herds, managers shou
Page 115 and 116: may not have been validated. Testin
Page 117 and 118: 2) A tendency to flee if approached
Page 119 and 120: 2. Determine the required scope of
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 10 Guidelines for Ecologica
Page 123 and 124: • Creating education, awareness a
Page 125 and 126: 10.3 The “Ecosystem Approach” f
Page 127 and 128: anywhere without engaging stakehold
Page 129 and 130: Interventions (e.g., supplemental f
Page 131 and 132: Agabriel, J. and Petit, M. 1996. Qu
Page 133 and 134: Byerly, R.M., Cooper, J.R., Meltzer
Page 135 and 136: Dragon D.C. and Rennie, R.P. 1995.
Page 137 and 138: Gilpin, M.E. and Soulé, M.E. 1986.
Page 139 and 140: Joern, A. 2005. Disturbance by fire
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Matthews, S.B. 1991. An assessment
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Possingham, H.P., Davies, I., Noble
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Shaw, J.H. 1995. How many bison ori
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van Zyll de Jong, C.G. 1986. A Syst
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Appendix A North American conservat
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Plains bison (continued) State/Prov
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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATIO
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