Technical Reports Parts C,D - ICPDR

Technical Reports – Part D: Water Environmental Engineering 129
Distribution of waste water discharge by
different sector of economy
Municipal
WWTP
40%
Industry
34%
Agriculture
26%
Figure 2.1.
Distribution of the wastewater discharge by the different sectors of
economy
Main problems of water pollution are related to the drawbacks of former water management
system:
main technological processes were biological treatment technologies including aerobic
and anaerobic processes and chemical treatment for reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus
contents
construction and reconstruction wastewater treatment facilities have been carried out
without consideration of regional social and economic development that resulted in
significant overload of wastewater treatment facilities.
2.2. National Targets for Water Pollution Reduction
According to the Water Code of Ukraine the purpose of the water resource management policy in
Ukraine in an improvement of the water quality and rational use of water for providing of
sustainable different water use as well as reviving and sustainable existence of water’s ecosystems.
The short term objectives (for period to 2000) of water resources management should be:
normative and legal maintenance of the new Ukrainian water legislation;
development of the ecological normative on water quality (standards) with short and long
term stages for their implementation;
organization of the State Monitoring System of the waters;
improvement of the water quality/quantity control through the water objects pollution
reduction control;
establishment of the technological regulating systems of water use and pollution of water
objects in sources of contamination;
ecological and economical substantiation of charges for water use/pollution to be sure
that “polluter - pays and user - pays” principle is applied in practice.