Technical Reports Parts C,D - ICPDR

Technical Reports – Part C: Water Quality 13
By EMIS expert group assessment only 4 enterprises are included in the list of “hot spots: in
Ukraine - Rakhiv Cardboard Plant, Izmail Cardboard Plant, Velyky Bychkiv Timber Processing
Plant, and Teresva Timber Processing Plant.
At the moment it is difficult to predict the future pollution loads from listed in the Table enterprises
because of transition to private ownership in Ukraine’s economy.
Special attention should be paid to transit crude oil pipelines “Druzhba”. Only in Zakarpattia region
two accidents intentionally caused by local individuals resulted in oil spill of 15,9 ton/year. The
pipes are old and heavily corroded that results in frequent oil spills and pollution of surface and
ground waters. For four months of 1994 it was reported on 11 accidents and more than 300 t oil
spills.
The existing methods of pollution clean up are not efficient for mountainous rivers and streams
because of strong currents. This pollution may also have serious transboundary implications for
water users of the Slovak Republic and Hungary because the water quality of Latorytsya, Tisza and
other tributaries of the Danube River may seriously deteriorate.
Agricultural hot spots
By the data of State Ecological Inspection in 1997 almost 74 thousand m 3 have been discharged
from agricultural enterprises only in the very vicinity/or directly into the Danube (Table 2.7.). 73,4
thousand m 3 have been discharged untreated. From this point of view at least two major polluters
in the region can be considered as agricultural hot spots (v. Lisky, social farm “Pogranychnyk”,
collective farm “Put Lenina”, Kylia).
Existing statistical data are very unreliable and can be used only for very rough assessment.
Transition from centralized to market economy in agricultural sector is facing the major changes in
the form of ownership - state or private. Most of listed below agricultural enterprises are facing
difficulties in this transition. Additional studies and measurement are needed for assessment
whether impact of the Danube water quality is significant.