Technical Reports Parts C,D - ICPDR

Technical Reports – Part D: Water Environmental Engineering 137
Pursuant to “Rules for Surface Water Protection” (standard provisions) that were approved by the
Soviet Union Committee for the protection or/of nature on February 12, 1991 and currently in force
in Ukraine, there are 3 category of water quality: for fishery purposes, for domestic purposes, and
for household and drinking purposes.
The “Rules” set forth the general requirements to the quality and composition of water in open
bodies of water. The Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPyN #463088) “protection of surface water
against pollutions” establish the hygienic requirement to the composition and properties of water in
bodies of water in the areas, where water is used for domestic, household and drinking purposes
and introduce the limitations for maximum permissible content of harmful substances in such
water.
The system for water quality standardization inherited from the former Soviet Union encompasses
over 4.000 performances. Each chemical, physical or biological performance, which defines water
quality, is attributed norms of maximum permissible concentration for man-induced chemical
combinations that can differ considerably depending on water body types and water use purposes
(household and drinking, domestic, fishery).
There are approximately 1.000 sanitary and hygienic and 450 fishery norms of maximum
permissible concentrations (hereinafter referred to as MPC). MPC norms to 420 harmful
combinations have been fixed for bodies of water serving household and drinking purposes; 68
similar performances have been developed to object of water that serves economic purposes. The
monitoring of water resources is regulated by “The provisions describing the State monitoring of
the environment of Ukraine” that were put in force by the enactment of the Cabinet of Ukraine
#785 of August 23, 1993. In accordance with these provisions the monitoring of the Dnieper’s
basin water resources is ensured by several State agencies. The State Committee for
Hydrometeorology operates the largest surface water quality-monitoring network. That system has
been designed mainly to study the country’s water resources. It provides the most efficient services
to Carpathian and Crimea Mountains but not to the polluted industrial regions of Ukraine.
2.5.2. Licensing
Enterprises, institutions, organizations and citizens of Ukraine, as well as foreign legal and natural
persons and persons without citizenship that extract water from water bodies, discharge reclaimed
waters into them or use water bodies in other way, could be regarded as water users in Ukraine.
Water users could be primary and secondary ones.
Primary water users are those users, who possess their own water intake facilities and respective
equipment for water extraction.
Special water use is extraction of water from the water body with application of facilities or
technical instruments and discharge of reclaimed waters into it.
Special water use is carried out by legal and natural persons, first of all for satisfaction of drinking
needs of population, as well as communal, health-healing, health-improvement, agricultural,
industrial, transport, energy, fishery and other national and public needs.
Special water use is carried out on the basis of the permit.
Permit for special water use is issued upon the water user's application containing water need
explanation, which should be agreed by the state bodies on water resources - when surface waters
are used, by the state bodies on geology - when ground waters are used, and by the state health
protection bodies - when health-healing water bodies are used.
Procedure of agreement on and issuance of permits for special water use is approved by the Cabinet
of Ministers of Ukraine.