Technical Reports Parts C,D - ICPDR

Technical Reports – Part D: Water Environmental Engineering 145
The construction of new or enlargement of operational cattle-breeding complexes and farms, of
facilities to store fertilizers and pesticides, the formation of pastures for animals, the
commissioning of parking areas for cars and agricultural conveyance means are not allowed in the
water protective zones. The conduct of activity related to the regulation of flow the construction of
water intake facilities is permitted only following a specific concentration process, i.e. concurrence
by the Ministry for Fishery and the State Committee of Ukraine for water management.
Waterside streaks should be obligatorily planted by trees and bushes being natural regulators of
flow. Waterside planting prevents the progress of erosion processes and captures pollutants well.
Within limits of water protective zones and especially of the shore sides (streaks) one should not
plough and pasture animals. If the water protective area belongs to a territory with an average
economic activity then the watersides must be a territory, where any type of commercial activity is
strictly regulated.
Within limits of water protective zones of rivers, lakes, water reservoirs and artificial lakes a
complex of administrative territorial forest reclamation, antierrosive, hydroengineering and other
arrangements aimed at upgrading the sanitary-hygienic and environmental state of both a water
body itself and its waterside, at enhancing the quality of water resources and preserving selfcleaning
and recovery functions of water sources should be implemented. Regretfully, a
considerable part of rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water have no reliable water protective zones
in accordance with science-based recommendations; on the country, even where such zones are
available, the requirements regarding control sand limitations of intensive agricultural activities are
not always strictly followed, the required arrangements to decrease the migration of pollutants to
bodies of water are not made in full scope. This regards specifically small and medium rivers. By
withdrawing water and polluting these rivers, society caused irreversible damages to main
waterways since performance of small and medium ones.
The limits of field often approach the banks of rivers, lakes, water reservoirs, which is the principal
cause for their silting. A big deal of agricultural utilities, farms etc. is located too close to water in
some places of the Ukrainian part of the Danube basin. The same is characteristic to cattle-breeding
farms and complexes. This causes much damages to water resources since the overloaded out-ofdate,
and in some cases even primitive muck (manure) storage areas belonging to farms and
complexes, make poisonous leaks flow to rivers and lakes. The issue of introducing clean cattlebreeding
complexes and farms has been successfully resolved neither by science, nor by practice.
A considerable number of agricultural enterprises and utilities does not comply with the relevant
environmental requirements while conducting commercial activities in the water protective zones,
does not pay due attention to plant and maintain trees and other facilities, which are located within
limits of the water protective zones. As a result the polluted waste of agricultural origin enters the
hydrological net with no obstacles.
Thus, the listed below arrangement foster drastic improvements of water resources under intensive
agricultural activity:
introduction of and compliance with the norms and techniques to bring in fertilizers with
due respect to soil, climate and geographical peculiarity of each crop-growing region, to
the agricultural hardware available etc.;
bringing in of fertilizers mainly in granulated form as well as locally;
implementation of strict control over compliance with the rules to utilize fertilizers and
other chemicals at any agricultural utility;
the prevention of storing fertilizers and other chemicals for a long period of time with no
utilization in cultivated fields and land;
the arrangement of correspondingly equipped sites for intermediate stockade of fertilizers
and pesticides in fields in order to prevent their inadvertent ingress into the environment;