Technical Reports Parts C,D - ICPDR

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32 Danube Pollution Reduction Programme – National Review, Ukraine The rivers and streams of Tisza River basin are mountainous. The spring floods are very common during snow melting. There are usually four rain floods during warm seasons. Flood consequences in the valleys of river Tisza and its major tributaries - Teresva, Tereblia, Rika, Bordjava, Latorytsa and Uzh - are very serious with big economic losses, even for floods of 50% (Table 4.3.). Catastrophic flood of the November 1998 is an evident example of such situation. Table 4.3. Water levels of flood events in the basin of the Tisza River at the Ukrainian section of the Danube River basin No River Site Water level in November, 1998 Water level above the zero of observation site (cm) flooded plains overflow over dams flooding 1 Tisza Rakhiv 489 390 465 2 Velyky 460 Bychkiv 3 Tiachiv 699 250 500 4 Khust 332 5 Vylok 6 Chop 1328 1118 1430 1430 7 Chirna Yasynya Tysza 8 Bila Tusza Luhy 9 Kosovska Kosovska Poliana 10 Teresva Ust-Chona 270 280 11 Neresnytsia 170 220 12 Mokranka Ruska Mokra 13 Tereblia Kolochava 200 270 14 Rika Verkhny Bystry 15 Mizhgirria 400 490 16 Khust 520 534 17 Toliatynk Maidan 18 Repinka Repine 19 Pylypets Pylypets 20 Studenu Nyzhny Studeny 21 Borjava Dovge 636 440 479 22 Shalanky 883 600 650 869 23 Latrytia Pidpolozzia 24 Svaliava 25 Mukacheve 687 310 510 26 Chop 27 746 470 835 835 28 Uzh Zhornava 220 260 29 Uzh Velyky Berezny 30 Uzh Uzhgorod 295 305 102 303 31 Turia Symbir 220 220
<strong>Technical</strong> <strong>Reports</strong> – Part C: Water Quality 33 During heavy rains in warm seasons the flood events are very common also for the river Siret in Chernivtsi region. The floods of 1% spread put on the 21,6 Th. ha of valley of Siret, Small Siret, and Mikhindra Rivers, floods of 5% cover 17 Th. ha, the floods over 50% occupy 2 Th. ha. The Prut River basin within the Ukrainian territory occupies Southern and Southwestern part of the Ivano-Frankivsk region and central part of Chernivtsi region. The mountainous landscapes, steep river gradients, frequent rains and showers are favorable for sudden and rush floods during the whole year and practically cannot be predicted. The occurrence of catastrophic floods is estimated as one event in 100 years. It has occurred in 1969. 4.4.5. Wetlands Wetlands and swamps are distributed unevenly in Zakarpattia and occupy only 0,01% of Zakarpattia region. Most of them are ameliorated and cultivated. In Ivano-Frankivsk Region the area of wetlands is 198 ha, in Zakarpattia Region – 82,9 Th. ha, including 0,8 ha of swamps. In Odessa Region the area of wetlands is 176 ha. The most important wetlands of the Danube River basin are located in Odessa Region and consist of Danube Delta and wetlands of Prydunaisky Lakes (Reservoirs). They are the wetlands of international importance. Wetlands of Danube Delta are partly under Ramsar Convention. Under the GEF Biodiversity Project, the whole area is planned for imposing status of protected and should be included in the EcoCorridors. (For detail information on wetlands of Ukrainian Section of the Danube River see Annexes, also maps 2.1., 2.2., 2.3., 2.4.). 4.4.6. Erosion and Degradation At the Ukrainian section of the Danube River basin over 35% of agricultural lands are exposed to water erosion; the wind erosion occurs only in Odessa region and amounts to 9% (84 Th. ha) of total area of agricultural lands. The erosion processes in these regions are not well studied. The same is true for the economic losses from erosion. By the data of the State Committee on Water Management potentially dangerous erosion is for 27% of irrigated and ameliorated lands mostly in Odessa and Chernivtsi regions. The dangerous deflatory lands consist of 45,5, 70%, and 90% in Zakarpattia, Chernivtsi and Odessa regions respectively. In Zakarpattia region on the basins of the right bank tributaries of the river Tisza, which include lowlands and medium altitude land of the Ukrainian Carpaty and lowland lomno-alluvial plain, the erosion of ploughed lands is the highest in contact zone of these lands. The highest portion of the eroded agricultural lands is located in Irshava and Mizhgirria districts (29%), average size of eroded agricultural lands ( 11-14%) is in Volovets, Rakhiv, Svaliava, Tiachiv, and Uzhgorid regions, and the smallest portion of eroded agricultural lands of Zakarpattia region is located in Berehiv, Vinogradiv, Tiachiv, and Khust districts. The similar situation is observed for ploured agricultural lands. One of the important effects of the erosion is sedimentation, pollution and depletion of the water sources. To combat erosion and deflation it is necessary to plant over 27,1 Th. ha of forest stands, to built erosion preventive constructions, to arrange terraces, etc. These activities will require additional funding, which is difficult to provide under current economic conditions.
Page 1: DANUBE POLLUTION REDUCTION PROGRAMM
Page 5 and 6: Preface The National Reviews were d
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Figure 1 Zakarpattia Region (1) Hot
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Table of Tables Table 2.1. Table 2.
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Technical Reports - Part D: Water E
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Technical Reports Parts C,D - ICPDR

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