Earthenterprise Tool Kit - International Institute for Sustainable ...

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EarthEnterprise Tool Kit Technologists, innovators, and researchers can use technology trees to: • Identify the relationship of a technology they may be developing to the international agreements that will drive the new technologies (i.e., is there a place for their technology on one or more technology trees?); • Gauge the importance of their technology to sustainable development goals (i.e., how prominent a role does the particular technology play in relation to the driver?); • Identify competing technologies that occupy the same niche and compare cost and performance; • Identify unmet needs for technical innovation, (i.e., empty branches). Entrepreneurs in small and medium size businesses can use technology trees to: • Identify promising technologies that leapfrog over existing contro l strategies to incorporate pollution prevention and sustainability; • Obtain an initial idea of the markets for a particular technology (i.e., by examining the upstream pro d u c t s , p ro c e s s e s , a c t i v i t i e s , and sectors affected); • Identify technologies competing for a particular niche and select the one with the most technical, cost, and marketing advantages. Investors and financiers can use technology trees to: • Situate a proposed technology relative to market drivers and mandated goals; • Identify competing technologies and evaluate any competitive advantage; • Identify various potential markets for a technology. Policy planners can use technology trees to: • S u rv ey possible technology responses and identify opportunities for accelerating market penetration; • Orient government activities–including industrial strategy, science and fiscal policy, re s e a rch and dev e l o p m e n t , e nv i ronmental re g u l a t i o n , technology tra n s f e r, and tra i n i n g – t o wa rd the technology/business opportunities that promote sustainable development; • Identify technologies that merit government support. 56 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
EarthEnterprise Tool Kit TOOL Understand the Four Generations of Environmental Technology T h e re are four generations of env i ronmental technology, ranging fro m remediation to sustainable. Some technologies can be modified to achieve the next step along the evolutionary path. The generations illustrate the increasing sophistication of science and society in dealing with environmental problems. This tool can help entrepreneurs understand the risks and opportunities relevant to each generation. Remediation Technologies Remediation technologies treat env i ronmental problems after they hav e occurred and attempt to repair or remediate the damage.They include various soil clean up methods, treatment of surface or ground water, and a variety of technologies to restore damaged or degraded landscapes (e.g., replanting tailings areas). Remediation technologies are typically very expensive and prove the old adage that “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” Abatement Technologies Over the past 30 years many abatement or “end-of-the-pipe”technologies have been developed to capture or treat pollutants before they escape into the environment. These technologies employ physical, chemical, or biological mechanisms to reduce emissions. Such technologies range from municipal sewage treatment systems, to catalytic converters for cars, to heavy metal treatment for the plating industry, to electrostatic precipitators and flue gas desulphurization equipment for the smoke stacks of coal-fired power plants. Generally, these technologies do not prevent or eliminate the pollutant; they m e rely capture or treat the waste stream before it enters the natura l environment. Abatement technologies are usually capital and technology intensive, require significant amounts of energy and resources to operate, and produce a waste disposal problem of their own.Most regulatory and investment activity in the environmental field remains focused on abatement technologies. Huge industries have developed to serve these markets and billions of dollars have been spent to purchase and install abatement technologies. Enormous vested interests have slowed the transition to the next generation of technologies. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY 57
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