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Introduction Molecular amplification in a DCL of imine macrocycles through addition of metal ions has been demonstrated by Gotor and co-workers. 11 Reaction of trans-(1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane 12 with pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde 6 forms a DCL of six poly-imine macrocycles 13. Addition of metal salts shifts the equilibrium towards the best complementary of hosts and guests. Amplification of macrocycles 14 and 15 obtained through [3+3]- and [2+2]-cyclocondensation reactions take places by addition of Cd +2 and Ba +2 , respectively (Figure 1.4). 11 Interestingly, when an excess of Cd +2 was added to complex 15, the equilibration shifts towards the [3+3]- adduct 14. Figure 1.4 Molecular amplification in a DCL of poly-imine macrocycles by metal salts. 1.3.2 Hydrazone exchange Sanders and co-workers reported in many occasions the formation of DCLs from peptidehydrazone building blocks and amplification of some members of the libraries by addition of external templates (Figure 1.5). 12-22 Figure 1.5 DCLs of cyclic oligomers of peptide-hydrazones. 5 | P a g e
Introduction Lehn and co-workers reported an early example for the generation of a DCL of hydrazones from 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione 18 and 2-hydrazinopyridine 19 (Figure 1.6). 23 Addition of dibutylbarbiturate 26 to the DCL mixture of isomers 20-25 shifts the equilibration towards host 25, which forms the most stable complex with the guest, in this case by formation of four hydrogen bonds. Figure 1.6 DCLs of an equilibrating mixture of hydrazone isomers. 6 | P a g e
Page 1 and 2: The Development of Novel Antibiotic
Page 3 and 4: Declaration of Authorship I, Hany N
Page 5 and 6: Abstract Over the past few decades,
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 2 Trianglimine Chemistry
Page 9 and 10: Figure 2.4 Trianglimines 10-12 with
Page 11 and 12: Abbreviations ACN AcOH Ala Acetonit
Page 13 and 14: RMS ROESY SjGST TFA THF TLC TMS TOC
Page 15 and 16: Introduction complete remodel of th
Page 17: Introduction following protonation.
Page 21 and 22: Introduction Figure 1.8 Generation
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Figure 1.11 Synthetic
Page 25 and 26: Introduction Figure 1.13 Generation
Page 27 and 28: Introduction 1.3.11 Boronic ester e
Page 29 and 30: Introduction References 1. E. Mouli
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 51. B. Shi, M. F. Grea
Page 33 and 34: Introduction Figure 2.2 shows compu
Page 35 and 36: Introduction incorporate β-cyclode
Page 37 and 38: Introduction Trianglamine-Zn(R) 2 c
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 24. J. Gajewy, J. Gawr
Page 41 and 42: Scope of Work Scope of Work In this
Page 43 and 44: Scope of Work can be obtained from
Page 45 and 46: Scope of Work Figure 3.4 Structures
Page 47 and 48: Scope of Work References 1. G. Wrig
Page 49 and 50: Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Ci
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Page 63 and 64: Paper 2 Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom
Page 65 and 66: Trianglimine formation mechanism by
Page 67 and 68: Trianglimine formation mechanism by
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Trianglimine formation mechanism by
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Paper 3 Org. Biomol. Chem., 2012, 1
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View Online Downloaded by Jacobs Un
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View Online Table 2 Distances (Å)
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Paper 4 Chem. Eur. J., 2012, submit
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(4R,5R)- and (4S,5S)-dimethyl-2,2-d
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that two distinct conformational is
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the thimble was recharged with fres
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Paper 5 Rapid Commu. Mass Spectrom.
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INTRODUCTION No single class of dru
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EXPERIMENTAL All the solvents and r
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(b) Refluxing macrocycles 5, 6 and
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Scheme 1. Graphical representation
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Figure 1. A plot of relative intens
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In contrast, formation of library m
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Figure 5. Generated dynamic library
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macrocycle 32 from the dynamic libr
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The polar carbamate group participa
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[2] WHO World health report 2003. h
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[32] B. Lienard, N. Selevsek, N. Ol
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FULL PAPER Synthesis and ESI-MS Com
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ability of the technique to provide
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aimed at assessing molecular recogn
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Paper 7 manuscript Synthesis, self-
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2 Similar to the case of trianglimi
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4 Receptor 7 showed enhanced recogn
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6 The newly synthesized receptors s
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8 27. Nour, H. F.; Hourani, N.; Kuh
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120| P a g e Appendix
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Supplementary Information: Suppleme
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Supplementary Material (ESI) for Or
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Monitoring the [3+3]-cyclocondensat
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Monitoring the cyclocondensation re
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Product ions appeared as [M+H] + Fi
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Scheme 1. Assigned higher oligomers
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Supplementary Information: Synthesi
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Scheme 4. Proposed fragmentation me
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DMSO Figure 1. 1 H-NMR spectrum for
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Figure 6. 13 C-NMR spectrum for (4S
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Intens. 7 x10 1.5 200.7 1.0 0.5 0.0
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Intens. 7 x10 200.7 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
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Intens. 4 x10 577.2 2.0 1.5 1.0 451
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HN N O O R R NH O O N N HN R O O O
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Intens. 5 x10 727.2 2.0 1.5 1.0 O O
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Intens. 5 x10 697.1 1.5 1.0 728.2 0
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O O O O HN N O O NH N HN N O O NH N
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Figure 38. 1 H-NMR spectrum for mac
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Intens. 5000 276.8 4000 3000 2000 1
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Intens. 7 x10 599.1 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
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(a) HN N O O NH O O N (b) HN N O NH
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Scheme 11. Proposed fragmentation m
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Scheme 14. Proposed fragmentation m
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Intens. 4 x10 550.9 3 2 1 0 500 100
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Figure 68. 2D-ROESY spectrum for ma
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Supplementary Information: Novel sy
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Intens. 6 x10 0.8 0.6 0.4 240.9 459
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Figure 9. 1 H-NMR spectrum for macr
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Intens. 5 x10 1.5 968.1 1.0 0.5 813
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Intens. 5 x10 897.4 4 2 335.3 707.3
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Scheme 3. Suggested fragmentation m
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Molecular modelling data for the co
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Figure 1. 1 H NMR spectrum for dica
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Intens. 2000 1493.6091 Host-Guest 1
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Intens. [%] 100 775.3 80 388.1 60 4
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Intens. 600 N HN O O 467.1916 400 O
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Intens. 6000 5000 HN N O O O O NH N
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Table 1. High resolution ESI-TOF da
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i Figure 1. 1 H NMR spectrum for ma
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i Figure 5. 1 H NMR spectrum for ma
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i j Figure 9. 1 H NMR spectrum for
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i Figure 13. DEPT-135 spectrum for
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Scheme 1. General mechanism of frag
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Intens. [%] 100 80 60 40 20 0 O H N
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Intens. [%] 100 1131.3 80 60 40 20
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Intens. 1500 1528.6088 1000 500 150
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Intens. [%] 100 80 60 40 Free guest
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Intens. 4 x10 1085.3575 1.25 1.00 0
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Intens. [%] 100 80 Free guest 586.1
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Synthesis, self-assembly and ESI-MS
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O O HN NH HN O O NH HN O 11 O NH O
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O O HN NH HN O O NH HN O 9 O NH O O
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H 2 O DMSO DMSO Figure 6. 1 H-NMR a
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Intens. 5 x10 5 -MS 487.1588 4 3 2
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Intens. -MS 6 x10 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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Intens. -MS 6 x10 O O 350.9 1.5 1.0
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Intens. [%] 100 -MS 486.9 Exact str
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Intens. [%] -MS 100 486.9 80 60 975
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Intens. [%] +MS 100 80 517.2 Exact
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Intens. [%] 100 80 60 +MS 388.1 775
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Intens. [%] 100 +MS 517.2 Exact str
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Intens. [%] 100 80 +MS 1031.4939 7
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Intens. [%] 100 +MS 517.2 Exact str
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Intens. [%] 100 -MS 2 586.1 80 60 4
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Intens. [%] 100 -MS 2 875.2 Exact s
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Table 1. High resolution ESI-TOF/MS
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274 | P a g e
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276 | P a g e
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4. H. Nour, A. López-Periago, N. K
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