The Development of Novel Antibiotics Using ... - Jacobs University

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H. F. Nour, A. M. Lopez-Periago and N. Kuhnert Scheme 3. Graphical representation illustrating the exact mechanism for the formation of trianglimines 30 and 31 based on ESI-TOF MS measurements. Table 3. High-resolution ESI-TOF MS data in the positive ion mode for intermediates and compounds 20–29 Entry m/z Measured m/z Molecular formula Error [ppm] 20, 22 399.2067 399.2048 C 26 H 26 N 2 O 2 4.8 21, 23, 26 683.2904 683.2869 C 46 H 38 N 2 O 4 5.2 28, 29 761.3850 761.3814 C 52 H 48 N 4 O 2 4.7 24, 25, 27 875.5007 875.4977 C 58 H 62 N 6 O 2 3.4 30, 31 1141.5666 1141.5707 C 78 H 72 N 6 O 3 3.5 1076 Figure 7. ESI-TOF mass spectrum in the positive ion mode for monitoring the reaction forming trianglimines 30 and 31, spectrum recorded after 2 h from the start of the reaction. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/rcm Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2012, 26, 1070–1080
Trianglimine formation mechanism by ESI-TOF MS corresponding to a second intermediate was clearly appearing at the expense of the first intermediate. After 20 min again the first signals of the macrocycle 4 were visible in the spectrum and could be clearly assigned. In addition to the starting materials, the final products and two defined intermediates, minor amounts of other material appeared in the spectrum that could not be assigned to a specific structure. The first intermediate showed a singlet signal in the aromaticregion,asinglet signal corresponding to a CH=N proton and two multiplet signals for protons next to nitrogen. The 1 H- 1 H- COSY NMR spectrum showed that these protons coupled to one another. From these data we assigned this intermediate to structure 7 which we observed in the ESI- MS experiment. The second intermediate showed three signals in the aromatic region, one singlet and one ABquartet, two CH=N singlets, one aldehyde singlet and a broad multiplet for the C=N-CH protons. Integration of the signals and data from 1 H- 1 H-COSY and 1 H- 1 H- TOCSY spectra allowed us to assign this intermediate to compound 9. Computational studies It was argued earlier that trianglimines are the kinetic products of the cyclocondensation reaction. Gawroński et al. pointed out that the course of the reaction, leading to cyclocondensation, was governed by conformational constraints imposed on the structural components of the reactive intermediates. [9] We performed molecular modelling calculations using HyperChem software (Release 8) at the PM3 level to further investigate the effect of conformational bias on the final ring closure step. [29,30] The distances through space between the nucleophilic amino and the electrophilic carbonyl groups in intermediates 10, 12, 16 and 18 are good indicators for the ease of ring closure and formation of macrocycles Scheme 4. Graphical representation showing dynamic exchange between (a) trianglimines 31 and 32 and (b) dialdehydes 19, 33 and (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane 1. 1077 Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2012, 26, 1070–1080 Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/rcm
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The Development of Novel Antibiotic
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Declaration of Authorship I, Hany N
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Abstract Over the past few decades,
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Chapter 2 Trianglimine Chemistry
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Figure 2.4 Trianglimines 10-12 with
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Abbreviations ACN AcOH Ala Acetonit
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RMS ROESY SjGST TFA THF TLC TMS TOC
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Introduction complete remodel of th
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Introduction following protonation.
Page 19 and 20: Introduction Lehn and co-workers re
Page 21 and 22: Introduction Figure 1.8 Generation
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Figure 1.11 Synthetic
Page 25 and 26: Introduction Figure 1.13 Generation
Page 27 and 28: Introduction 1.3.11 Boronic ester e
Page 29 and 30: Introduction References 1. E. Mouli
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 51. B. Shi, M. F. Grea
Page 33 and 34: Introduction Figure 2.2 shows compu
Page 35 and 36: Introduction incorporate β-cyclode
Page 37 and 38: Introduction Trianglamine-Zn(R) 2 c
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 24. J. Gajewy, J. Gawr
Page 41 and 42: Scope of Work Scope of Work In this
Page 43 and 44: Scope of Work can be obtained from
Page 45 and 46: Scope of Work Figure 3.4 Structures
Page 47 and 48: Scope of Work References 1. G. Wrig
Page 49 and 50: Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Ci
Page 51 and 52: Downloaded by Jacobs University Bre
Page 53 and 54: View Online Downloaded by Jacobs Un
Page 63 and 64: Paper 2 Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom
Page 65 and 66: Trianglimine formation mechanism by
Page 69: Trianglimine formation mechanism by
Page 75 and 76: Paper 3 Org. Biomol. Chem., 2012, 1
Page 81 and 82: View Online Table 2 Distances (Å)
Page 85 and 86: Paper 4 Chem. Eur. J., 2012, submit
Page 87 and 88: (4R,5R)- and (4S,5S)-dimethyl-2,2-d
Page 89 and 90: that two distinct conformational is
Page 91 and 92: the thimble was recharged with fres
Page 93 and 94: Paper 5 Rapid Commu. Mass Spectrom.
Page 95 and 96: INTRODUCTION No single class of dru
Page 97 and 98: EXPERIMENTAL All the solvents and r
Page 99 and 100: (b) Refluxing macrocycles 5, 6 and
Page 101 and 102: Scheme 1. Graphical representation
Page 103 and 104: Figure 1. A plot of relative intens
Page 105 and 106: In contrast, formation of library m
Page 107 and 108: Figure 5. Generated dynamic library
Page 109 and 110: macrocycle 32 from the dynamic libr
Page 111 and 112: The polar carbamate group participa
Page 113 and 114: [2] WHO World health report 2003. h
Page 115 and 116: [32] B. Lienard, N. Selevsek, N. Ol
Page 117 and 118: FULL PAPER Synthesis and ESI-MS Com
Page 119 and 120: ability of the technique to provide
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aimed at assessing molecular recogn
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Paper 7 manuscript Synthesis, self-
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2 Similar to the case of trianglimi
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4 Receptor 7 showed enhanced recogn
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6 The newly synthesized receptors s
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8 27. Nour, H. F.; Hourani, N.; Kuh
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120| P a g e Appendix
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Supplementary Information: Suppleme
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Supplementary Material (ESI) for Or
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Page 149 and 150:
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Monitoring the [3+3]-cyclocondensat
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Monitoring the cyclocondensation re
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Product ions appeared as [M+H] + Fi
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Scheme 1. Assigned higher oligomers
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Supplementary Information: Synthesi
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Scheme 4. Proposed fragmentation me
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DMSO Figure 1. 1 H-NMR spectrum for
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Figure 6. 13 C-NMR spectrum for (4S
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Intens. 7 x10 1.5 200.7 1.0 0.5 0.0
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Intens. 7 x10 200.7 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
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Intens. 4 x10 577.2 2.0 1.5 1.0 451
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HN N O O R R NH O O N N HN R O O O
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Intens. 5 x10 727.2 2.0 1.5 1.0 O O
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Intens. 5 x10 697.1 1.5 1.0 728.2 0
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O O O O HN N O O NH N HN N O O NH N
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Figure 38. 1 H-NMR spectrum for mac
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Intens. 5000 276.8 4000 3000 2000 1
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Intens. 7 x10 599.1 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
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(a) HN N O O NH O O N (b) HN N O NH
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Scheme 11. Proposed fragmentation m
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Scheme 14. Proposed fragmentation m
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Intens. 4 x10 550.9 3 2 1 0 500 100
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Figure 68. 2D-ROESY spectrum for ma
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Supplementary Information: Novel sy
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Intens. 6 x10 0.8 0.6 0.4 240.9 459
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Figure 9. 1 H-NMR spectrum for macr
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Intens. 5 x10 1.5 968.1 1.0 0.5 813
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Intens. 5 x10 897.4 4 2 335.3 707.3
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Scheme 3. Suggested fragmentation m
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Molecular modelling data for the co
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Figure 1. 1 H NMR spectrum for dica
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Intens. 2000 1493.6091 Host-Guest 1
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Intens. [%] 100 775.3 80 388.1 60 4
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Intens. 600 N HN O O 467.1916 400 O
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Intens. 6000 5000 HN N O O O O NH N
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Table 1. High resolution ESI-TOF da
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i Figure 1. 1 H NMR spectrum for ma
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i Figure 5. 1 H NMR spectrum for ma
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i j Figure 9. 1 H NMR spectrum for
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i Figure 13. DEPT-135 spectrum for
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Scheme 1. General mechanism of frag
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Intens. [%] 100 80 60 40 20 0 O H N
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Intens. [%] 100 1131.3 80 60 40 20
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Intens. 1500 1528.6088 1000 500 150
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Intens. [%] 100 80 60 40 Free guest
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Intens. 4 x10 1085.3575 1.25 1.00 0
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Intens. [%] 100 80 Free guest 586.1
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Synthesis, self-assembly and ESI-MS
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O O HN NH HN O O NH HN O 11 O NH O
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O O HN NH HN O O NH HN O 9 O NH O O
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H 2 O DMSO DMSO Figure 6. 1 H-NMR a
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Intens. 5 x10 5 -MS 487.1588 4 3 2
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Intens. -MS 6 x10 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1
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Intens. -MS 6 x10 O O 350.9 1.5 1.0
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Intens. [%] 100 -MS 486.9 Exact str
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Intens. [%] -MS 100 486.9 80 60 975
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Intens. [%] +MS 100 80 517.2 Exact
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Intens. [%] 100 80 60 +MS 388.1 775
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Intens. [%] 100 +MS 517.2 Exact str
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Intens. [%] 100 80 +MS 1031.4939 7
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Intens. [%] 100 +MS 517.2 Exact str
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Intens. [%] 100 -MS 2 586.1 80 60 4
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Intens. [%] 100 -MS 2 875.2 Exact s
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Table 1. High resolution ESI-TOF/MS
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274 | P a g e
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276 | P a g e
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4. H. Nour, A. López-Periago, N. K
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