Bridging the Gap: linking timber trade with infrastructural ...

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Table 43 Sectoral contribution to Lindi Region GDP Sector 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 Agriculture 59.0% 61.0% 63.0% 66.0% Natural resources 28.8% 29.0% 28.0% 27.0% Livestock 5.4% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% Industries 1.4% 1.6% 1.6% 1.9% Source: Anon. (1997g). A total of 5893 km 2 of Lindi Region is covered by Forest Reserves, of which 87% are managed by central government and the remaining 27% by district authorities. The region has large areas of unreserved woodlands and grasslands that cover an estimated 43 410 km 2 . In 1996, it was reported that Lindi Region was experiencing a high rate of deforestation due to uncontrolled cutting of trees for timber, firewood, charcoal and clearing of land for agriculture expansion (Anon., 1997g). Miombo woodlands suitable for beekeeping cover about 40 200 km 2 of Lindi Region. Beekeeping is practiced mainly in Liwale and Kilwa Districts using traditional methods. A total of 18 000 km 2 of the Selous Game Reserve is in Liwale District. However, due to poor infrastructure the tourism industry is not yet well developed in the region. Mtwara Region Mtwara Region covers an area of 16 720 km 2 and is divided into five districts, 21 divisions, 98 wards and 554 villages (Table 44). In year 2000, the population of Mtwara Region was projected to be around 875 977 people with average annual growth rate of 1.4% and an average density of 53 people per km 2 . Average household size in the region is 4.4. Table 44 Demographic information for districts in Mtwara Region District Area km 2 Popn. 1988 census Annual popn. growth rate % 1988 Population 2000 projections Projected population density per km 2 in 2000 Administrative Units Division Wards Villages Mtwara/ 163 75 857 4.0 121 449 745.1 2 13 6 Mikindani (U) Mtwara Rural 3 597 168 189 1.6 203 480 56.6 6 17 101 Newala 2 126 301 247* 1.0 155 615 73.2 3 16 130 Tandahimba 1 894 * 1.0 183 824 97.1 3 22 103 Masasi 8 940 330 684 1.9 414 480 45.4 7 30 214 Total 16 720 875 977 1.4 1 078 848 64.5 21 98 554 Source: Anon. (1997h). Note: * Includes Tandahimba District 117
The main occupation in Mtwara Region is agriculture, occupying around 92% of the population. Poor soils and climatic conditions typical of miombo woodlands limit agricultural potential. Food crops include cassava, millet, sorghum, cow peas, pigeon peas and maize. The major cash crop is cashew nuts, and Mtwara Region ranks first nationally, contributing about 50% of national cashew nut production. Other cash crops include groundnuts and sunflower. Since 1995, sapphire, christalbella, alexandrite, tourmaline and rhodolite have been mined in Masasi District, providing hopes for boosting the region’s economy through development of the mining industry. Similar to Lindi Region, a major capacity limitation in Mtwara Region is the negative net lifetime migration, losing people to other parts of the country, mainly to Dar es Salaam (Milliken, 1999). Health facilities include 4 hospitals, 14 health centres, 126 dispensaries and 133 MCH clinics. Adult literacy in the region is estimated to be 57.1%, and education facilities include 493 primary schools and 13 secondary schools. Mtwara Region has a total of 139 295 ha of forests accounting for 8.33% of the regional land. Of the total forest area, 130 545 ha (93.7%) are central government Forest Reserves and 8749 ha (6.3%) are local authority Forest Reserves (Anon., 1997h). The Regional Commissioner’s Office reported in 1997 that uncontrolled harvesting of trees for timber, poles, charcoal and firewood exceeds the estimated annual yield from the forests, consequently leading to progressive degradation of the forests. Mtwara Region has a high potential for beekeeping utilising existing miombo woodlands and cashew nut trees. A total of 65 450 ha of Mtwara Region is designated as Game Reserves, although poor infrastructure has limited tourism development. 118
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Published by TRAFFIC East/Southern
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABBREVI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was mad
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The close relatio
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guidance from central and district
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The National Forest Policy (1998) s
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However, significant changes in dev
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METHODOLOGY This study was conducte
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Field Research Research assistants
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Table 2 Types of analyses made amon
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south bank (1270 m 3 ). Therefore,
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commenced in 1986 have converted th
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The majority of reserved forests an
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Degradation of forests and deforest
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medicinal plants for curing illness
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STUDY AREA OVERVIEW The study area
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The coastal forests found in the st
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Data on harvest licences covering a
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Figure 8 Sawn wood and logs shipped
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eported to be very low, with most s
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ound wood from the study area. Over
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Species harvested in 2001, but not
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checkpoint records from Kibiti, stu
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Figure 13 Main species processed by
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Two species, Swartzia madagascarens
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melanoxylon (Class I), Milicia exce
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A few species have shown particular
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The frequency distributions of leng
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HARVEST AREAS, DESTINATIONS, MARKET
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Major harvest areas in Lindi Region
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licences show how MI (Ltd.), the la
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Figure 26 Off-road logging truck ro
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Table 25 Total number of vehicles r
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Seasonal variations in timber trade
Page 70 and 71: Figure 35 Total timber shipments fr
Page 72 and 73: Figure 37 Volumes (m 3 ) of Pteroca
Page 74 and 75: Hymenaea verrucosa (Gum copal tree,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 43 Volumes (m 3 ) of Dalberg
Page 78 and 79: Charcoal shipments Official data on
Page 80 and 81: Figure 47 Quantities of charcoal (b
Page 82 and 83: Table 32 Proportion of selected woo
Page 84 and 85: DISCUSSION Evidence of linkages bet
Page 86 and 87: fees, applying ‘minimum breath he
Page 88 and 89: saw millers and traders from Dar es
Page 90 and 91: are indicated on the licences. For
Page 92 and 93: RECOMMENDATIONS Costs of not taking
Page 94 and 95: Table 35. Monitoring indicators inc
Page 96 and 97: DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 98 and 99: DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 100 and 101: (Figure 51). Regulatory options to
Page 102 and 103: Alternative energy sources Accounti
Page 104 and 105: Anon. (1999g). Tanzania Country Str
Page 106 and 107: De Waal, D. (2001). Setting Precend
Page 108 and 109: Milliken, J. (1999). Youth migrants
Page 110 and 111: ANNEXES Annex 1 Tanzania industrial
Page 112 and 113: However, forests outside Forest Res
Page 114 and 115: arks at TZS 2000 (USD 1.95) per kg
Page 116 and 117: mm and relatively unreliable. The h
Page 118 and 119: Coast Region has a total forest are
Page 122 and 123: Annex 5. Sample checkpoint form for
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