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A few species have shown particularly large changes in volumes harvested between 2000 and 2001. Out of 17 hardwood species issued on harvest licences during both years, the volumes increased for eight species and declined for the remaining nine species (Table 15). The largest increases were recorded for the less valuable Class IV and V species Erythrophleum africanum, (408%), Trichilia emetica (238%) and Hymenaea verrucosa (65%), followed by Class III Julbernardia globifora (37%) and Albizia versicolor (34%). On the other hand, the majority of Class I and II species all showed declines in harvest licence volumes between 2000 and 2001. In terms of overall species composition, the proportion of most species issued on harvest licences changed little between 2000 and 2001, with four species changing by more than 4% (Figure 18). The proportion of Trichilia emetica and Hymenaea verrucosa increased by 13% and 10% respectively, whilst Pterocarpus angolensis and Afzelia quanzensis decreased by 12% and 4% respectively. Figure 18 Percentage change in species composition of round wood (m 3 ) harvested in study area, 2000-2001 Amlyogonocarpus obtusangulus Brachystegia spp. Dalbergia melanoxylon Sclerocarya birrea Pterocarpus angolensis Maeopsis eminii Bombax rhodognaphalon Afzelia quanzensis Afrormosia angolensis Milicia exelsa Millettia stuhlmannii Swartzia madagascarensis Albizia versicolor Julbernardia globiflora Hymenaea verrucosa Trichilia emetica Erythrophleum africanum -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 Source: District licence data, 2000-2001 Size of harvested timber Preliminary baseline information on timber sizes currently in trade was obtained from 2001 records of processed timber at PIC Ltd. sawmill, Ikwiriri. During 2001, this company processed a total of 2536 logs with a total volume of 2432 m 3 . Five species constituted 96% of all processed timber by volume, with two species constituting nearly four-fifths of all timber processed – Hymenaea verrucosa and Julbernardia globiflora. The average log measurements of different species are shown in Table 22. These values and associated graphs provide baseline data on average volume, girth and length measurements, which are useful indicators to monitor in response to changes in availability in the wild or changes in market preference. 51
Table 22 Log size of main timber species processed by PIC Ltd., 2001 Scientific Name Total volume (m 3 ) Average length (m) Average girth (m) Average volume (m 3 ) Hymenaea verrucosa 1 538.5 3.3 2.0 1.1 Julbernardia globiflora 401.3 3.6 2.1 1.3 Brachystegia spp. 184.7 3.1 1.9 0.9 Trichilia emetica 131.7 3.6 1.2 0.4 Afzelia quanzensis 69.0 2.3 1.7 0.6 Erythrophleum africanum 53.4 2.9 1.5 0.6 Amblyogonocarpus obtusangulus 9.1 3.1 1.7 0.7 Apodytes dimidiata 5.1 3.8 1.7 0.8 Rhus spp. 4.9 3.5 2.1 1.2 Newtonia spp. 2.9 3.6 1.8 1.0 Lannea schweinfurthii 2.8 3.8 2.1 1.4 Sclerocarya birrea 2.6 2.8 1.7 0.7 Pterocarpus angolensis 1.1 2.9 1.6 0.6 Millettia stuhlmannii 0.5 2.9 1.1 0.3 Source: PIC Ltd. sawmill, 2001. There is significant variation in log size between different timber species. The average length, girth and volume were 3.3 m (ranging 2.3 – 3.8 m), 1.8 m (ranging 1.1 – 2.1 m) and 1 m 3 (ranging 0.3 – 1.4 m 3 ), respectively. The largest girth sizes were for Lannea schweinfurthii, Julbernardia globiflora, Rhus spp. and Hymenaea verrucosa, whilst smallest sizes were for Millettia stuhlmannii and Trichilia emetica. As expected, a clear relationship exists between average log volume and average girth measurements (Figure 19): volume = (0.93 x girth) – 0.82 Figure 19 Relationship between average volume and average girth of timber species whose processed volumes by PIC Ltd. exceeded 10 m 3 during 2001 Volume (m3) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 y = 0.9612x - 0.8411 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 Source: PIC Ltd. sawmill, 2001. Girth (m) 52
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Published by TRAFFIC East/Southern
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABBREVI
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was mad
Page 8 and 9: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The close relatio
Page 10 and 11: guidance from central and district
Page 12 and 13: The National Forest Policy (1998) s
Page 14 and 15: However, significant changes in dev
Page 16 and 17: METHODOLOGY This study was conducte
Page 18 and 19: Field Research Research assistants
Page 20 and 21: Table 2 Types of analyses made amon
Page 22 and 23: south bank (1270 m 3 ). Therefore,
Page 24 and 25: commenced in 1986 have converted th
Page 26 and 27: The majority of reserved forests an
Page 28 and 29: Degradation of forests and deforest
Page 30 and 31: medicinal plants for curing illness
Page 32 and 33: STUDY AREA OVERVIEW The study area
Page 34 and 35: The coastal forests found in the st
Page 36 and 37: Data on harvest licences covering a
Page 38 and 39: Figure 8 Sawn wood and logs shipped
Page 40 and 41: eported to be very low, with most s
Page 42 and 43: ound wood from the study area. Over
Page 44 and 45: Species harvested in 2001, but not
Page 46 and 47: checkpoint records from Kibiti, stu
Page 48 and 49: Figure 13 Main species processed by
Page 50 and 51: Two species, Swartzia madagascarens
Page 52 and 53: melanoxylon (Class I), Milicia exce
Page 56 and 57: The frequency distributions of leng
Page 58 and 59: HARVEST AREAS, DESTINATIONS, MARKET
Page 60 and 61: Major harvest areas in Lindi Region
Page 62 and 63: licences show how MI (Ltd.), the la
Page 64 and 65: Figure 26 Off-road logging truck ro
Page 66 and 67: Table 25 Total number of vehicles r
Page 68 and 69: Seasonal variations in timber trade
Page 70 and 71: Figure 35 Total timber shipments fr
Page 72 and 73: Figure 37 Volumes (m 3 ) of Pteroca
Page 74 and 75: Hymenaea verrucosa (Gum copal tree,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 43 Volumes (m 3 ) of Dalberg
Page 78 and 79: Charcoal shipments Official data on
Page 80 and 81: Figure 47 Quantities of charcoal (b
Page 82 and 83: Table 32 Proportion of selected woo
Page 84 and 85: DISCUSSION Evidence of linkages bet
Page 86 and 87: fees, applying ‘minimum breath he
Page 88 and 89: saw millers and traders from Dar es
Page 90 and 91: are indicated on the licences. For
Page 92 and 93: RECOMMENDATIONS Costs of not taking
Page 94 and 95: Table 35. Monitoring indicators inc
Page 96 and 97: DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 98 and 99: DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 100 and 101: (Figure 51). Regulatory options to
Page 102 and 103: Alternative energy sources Accounti
Page 104 and 105:
Anon. (1999g). Tanzania Country Str
Page 106 and 107:
De Waal, D. (2001). Setting Precend
Page 108 and 109:
Milliken, J. (1999). Youth migrants
Page 110 and 111:
ANNEXES Annex 1 Tanzania industrial
Page 112 and 113:
However, forests outside Forest Res
Page 114 and 115:
arks at TZS 2000 (USD 1.95) per kg
Page 116 and 117:
mm and relatively unreliable. The h
Page 118 and 119:
Coast Region has a total forest are
Page 120 and 121:
Table 43 Sectoral contribution to L
Page 122 and 123:
Annex 5. Sample checkpoint form for
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