Bridging the Gap: linking timber trade with infrastructural ...

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checkpoint records from Kibiti, stump survey results from selected Forest Reserves, and sawmill records in Ikwiriri. In addition, field observations were used to assist data interpretation. Species composition of timber recorded at Kibiti checkpoint During the three-month period from October 2001 to January 2002, over one-half of the round wood recorded was declared as Hymenaea verrucosa, followed by Pterocarpus angolensis, Trichilia emetica, Afzelia quanzensis and Swartzia madagascarensis (Table 16 and Figure 17). These were the same top five species recorded from harvest licences issued in the study area during 2001. Together, these five species accounted for over 90% all round wood passing though Kibiti checkpoint, again closely comparable to the figure of 87% from harvest licences. Similarly, the proportions by class were very similar between the two data sources (Figure 11). Table 16 Round wood volume of hardwoods passing through Kibiti checkpoint, Oct 2001 to Jan 2002 Scientific name m 3 round wood Scientific name m 3 round wood Hymenaea verrucosa 1 861 Julbernardia globiflora 40 Pterocarpus angolensis 512 Maeopsis eminii 26 Trichilia emetica 461 Dalbergia melanoxylon 16 Afzelia quanzensis 175 Albizia gummifera 15 Swartzia madagascarensis 169 Brachystegia spp. 14 Albizia versicolor 85 Erythrophleum africanum 7 Afrormosia angolensis 67 Amblyogonocarpus obtusangulus 5 Millettia stuhlmannii 43 Newtonia spp. 5 Source: Kibiti checkpoint records, 2001-2002. Figure 12 Proportion of hardwood species passing through Kibiti checkpoint, Oct 2001 to Jan 2002 Albizia versicolor Swartzia 2% madagascaren sis 5% Afzelia quanzensis 5% Trichilia emetica 13% Afromosia angolensis 2% Others 5% Hymenaea verrucosa 53% Pterocarpus angolensis 15% Source: Kibiti checkpoint records, 2001-2002. 43
Species composition of timber processed at Ikwiriri sawmills During the period of research, three sawmills were operational in Ikwiriri. One sawmill, MI Ltd., specialised in Dalbergia melanoxylon whilst the other two companies, including PIC Ltd., were less restrictive in their selection of timber species (Table 17). Table 17 Main species processed by different sawmills in Ikwiriri, Rufiji District, 2001 Scientific name PIC Ltd. BEAE Ltd. MI Ltd. Afzelia quanzensis Yes Yes Amblyogonocarpus obtusangulus Yes Yes Brachystegia spp. Yes Yes Burkea africana Yes Dalbergia melanoxylon Erythrophleum africanum Yes Hymenaea verrucosa Yes Yes Julbernardia globiflora Yes Millettia stuhlmannii Yes Yes Swartzia madagascariensis Yes Trichilia emetica Yes Yes Yes Sources: PIC Ltd records, 2001; Kaale et al. (2000). Detailed records of timber processed were collected from one major sawmill in Ikwiriri, PIC Ltd., for the year 2001. A total of around 20 species were processed by PIC Ltd. during that ỳear. Five species constituted 96% of all processed timber by volume, with two species constituting nearly four-fifths of all timber processed – Hymenaea verrucosa (1453 logs, 1538.5 m 3 ) and Julbernardia globiflora (311 logs, 401.3 m 3 ) (Figure 13). Overall, three-quarters of timber processed by PIC Ltd. was Class V species, similar to records collected from both harvest licences issued in the study area and Kibiti checkpoint records (Figure 11). On the other hand, many more Class III species and far fewer Class II species were processed by PIC Ltd. compared to harvest licence and Kibiti checkpoint records, largely due to the large volume of J. globiflora processed. It is not clear whether the large quantities of J. globiflora were used locally (e.g. bridge and jetty construction), or if they were transported undetected or misidentified, hence their omission from Kibiti checkpoint records. The majority of timber species processed by BEAE Ltd. were cut into sawn wood for local and export markets, although two species, Millettia stuhlmannii and Swartzia madagascariensis, were cut into parquet flooring tiles purely for export (Kaale et al., 2000). Table 17 shows similarity in species processed by PIC Ltd. and BEAE Ltd. 44
Page 2 and 3: Published by TRAFFIC East/Southern
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABBREVI
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was mad
Page 8 and 9: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The close relatio
Page 10 and 11: guidance from central and district
Page 12 and 13: The National Forest Policy (1998) s
Page 14 and 15: However, significant changes in dev
Page 16 and 17: METHODOLOGY This study was conducte
Page 18 and 19: Field Research Research assistants
Page 20 and 21: Table 2 Types of analyses made amon
Page 22 and 23: south bank (1270 m 3 ). Therefore,
Page 24 and 25: commenced in 1986 have converted th
Page 26 and 27: The majority of reserved forests an
Page 28 and 29: Degradation of forests and deforest
Page 30 and 31: medicinal plants for curing illness
Page 32 and 33: STUDY AREA OVERVIEW The study area
Page 34 and 35: The coastal forests found in the st
Page 36 and 37: Data on harvest licences covering a
Page 38 and 39: Figure 8 Sawn wood and logs shipped
Page 40 and 41: eported to be very low, with most s
Page 42 and 43: ound wood from the study area. Over
Page 44 and 45: Species harvested in 2001, but not
Page 48 and 49: Figure 13 Main species processed by
Page 50 and 51: Two species, Swartzia madagascarens
Page 52 and 53: melanoxylon (Class I), Milicia exce
Page 54 and 55: A few species have shown particular
Page 56 and 57: The frequency distributions of leng
Page 58 and 59: HARVEST AREAS, DESTINATIONS, MARKET
Page 60 and 61: Major harvest areas in Lindi Region
Page 62 and 63: licences show how MI (Ltd.), the la
Page 64 and 65: Figure 26 Off-road logging truck ro
Page 66 and 67: Table 25 Total number of vehicles r
Page 68 and 69: Seasonal variations in timber trade
Page 70 and 71: Figure 35 Total timber shipments fr
Page 72 and 73: Figure 37 Volumes (m 3 ) of Pteroca
Page 74 and 75: Hymenaea verrucosa (Gum copal tree,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 43 Volumes (m 3 ) of Dalberg
Page 78 and 79: Charcoal shipments Official data on
Page 80 and 81: Figure 47 Quantities of charcoal (b
Page 82 and 83: Table 32 Proportion of selected woo
Page 84 and 85: DISCUSSION Evidence of linkages bet
Page 86 and 87: fees, applying ‘minimum breath he
Page 88 and 89: saw millers and traders from Dar es
Page 90 and 91: are indicated on the licences. For
Page 92 and 93: RECOMMENDATIONS Costs of not taking
Page 94 and 95: Table 35. Monitoring indicators inc
Page 96 and 97:
DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 98 and 99:
DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 100 and 101:
(Figure 51). Regulatory options to
Page 102 and 103:
Alternative energy sources Accounti
Page 104 and 105:
Anon. (1999g). Tanzania Country Str
Page 106 and 107:
De Waal, D. (2001). Setting Precend
Page 108 and 109:
Milliken, J. (1999). Youth migrants
Page 110 and 111:
ANNEXES Annex 1 Tanzania industrial
Page 112 and 113:
However, forests outside Forest Res
Page 114 and 115:
arks at TZS 2000 (USD 1.95) per kg
Page 116 and 117:
mm and relatively unreliable. The h
Page 118 and 119:
Coast Region has a total forest are
Page 120 and 121:
Table 43 Sectoral contribution to L
Page 122 and 123:
Annex 5. Sample checkpoint form for
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