Bridging the Gap: linking timber trade with infrastructural ...

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However, significant changes in development and timber harvest are predicted in the future, sparked by the construction of Mkapa Bridge across the Rufiji River 5 . Officially opened in August 2003, this bridge creates a permanent link between Dar es Salaam and southern Tanzania. Moreover, government and SADC level initiatives, the development of the Mtwara Development Corridor 6 (a joint undertaking of Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia) and growing private investment are likely to accelerate development in the south. Whilst on the one hand this will improve many aspects of development in the region, these changes will almost certainly increase pressure on the timber resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective sustainable use initiatives that help maintain the integrity of miombo woodlands and coastal forests as well as contribute positively towards poverty alleviation strategies. Justification for study area This project has concentrated on the interface between development and conservation, seeking to increase the potential for completion of the Mkapa Bridge to have a positive impact on poverty alleviation and natural resource management in southern Tanzania. The study area covered by this project included seven districts belonging to three regions, namely Rufiji District (Coast Region), Lindi, Kilwa, Liwale, Ruangwa and Nachingwea Districts (Lindi Region), and Mtwara District (Mtwara Region). This study area was selected based upon various criteria. Firstly, these districts are in closest proximity to the Mkapa Bridge, and are likely to be the most directly affected (positively and negatively) in the near future. Secondly, from the national development perspective, this area represents one of the poorest in Tanzania and most rural livelihoods are heavily dependent upon woodland and forest resources in the form of food, housing, fuel, medicines and income. Thirdly, from an environmental perspective, this area contains some of the largest remaining wild stands of miombo woodland in Africa, as well as some of the largest areas of unprotected woodland and the highest quantities of woodland per capita in Tanzania. Their future integrity is largely dependent upon management by surrounding communities. These woodlands still contain large, commercially-viable stands of many timber species, although spatial declines have been noted for some species. Children sitting on logs, Kilwa Masoko. By providing credible timber trade information on the situation in southern Tanzania before and after completion of the Mkapa Bridge (and other associated development activities), this project provides a unique opportunity to study and positively influence the impacts of a national development project on both natural resource use and peoples’ livelihoods. It is hoped that this information will help future management interventions address both sustainable utilization of miombo woodlands and national poverty alleviation objectives during the subsequent period of economic growth and development. It is also hoped that the same principles and approaches may be applied appropriately to other development projects. Credit: Simon Milledge/TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa 5 The USD 29 million project was financed by the Government of Tanzania, the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development, OPEC Fund for International Development and the Saudi Fund for Development. 6 The Mtwara Development Corridor initiative started in 1997 and includes the construction of the Unity Bridge across the Ruvuma River, a 829 km Mtwara-Mbamba Bay road project, the Mchuchuma Colliery and Thermal Power Project, in addition to various mining, oil, gas, fisheries, agriculture and fisheries initiatives. 11
In this way, the project is helping to address the following challenges in the forestry sector with respect to the Rio Declaration as identified by the Government of Tanzania (Anon., 2002e): i. To enhance the potential utilization of forests while managing them to ensure sustainability; ii. iii. To achieve high levels of integration of forestry consideration into all development initiatives which adversely affect forestry; and To strike a balance between the economic use of forestry and forest conservation. This project also aims to contribute towards one of the high priority issues identified under the first objective of the National Forestry Programme (2001-2010): Objective #1: Sustainable supply of forestry products and services ensured to meet the needs at the local and national levels Priority issue: Inadequate data on available forest resources for utilization, and baseline data for conservation and management purposes 12
Page 2 and 3: Published by TRAFFIC East/Southern
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABBREVI
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was mad
Page 8 and 9: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The close relatio
Page 10 and 11: guidance from central and district
Page 12 and 13: The National Forest Policy (1998) s
Page 16 and 17: METHODOLOGY This study was conducte
Page 18 and 19: Field Research Research assistants
Page 20 and 21: Table 2 Types of analyses made amon
Page 22 and 23: south bank (1270 m 3 ). Therefore,
Page 24 and 25: commenced in 1986 have converted th
Page 26 and 27: The majority of reserved forests an
Page 28 and 29: Degradation of forests and deforest
Page 30 and 31: medicinal plants for curing illness
Page 32 and 33: STUDY AREA OVERVIEW The study area
Page 34 and 35: The coastal forests found in the st
Page 36 and 37: Data on harvest licences covering a
Page 38 and 39: Figure 8 Sawn wood and logs shipped
Page 40 and 41: eported to be very low, with most s
Page 42 and 43: ound wood from the study area. Over
Page 44 and 45: Species harvested in 2001, but not
Page 46 and 47: checkpoint records from Kibiti, stu
Page 48 and 49: Figure 13 Main species processed by
Page 50 and 51: Two species, Swartzia madagascarens
Page 52 and 53: melanoxylon (Class I), Milicia exce
Page 54 and 55: A few species have shown particular
Page 56 and 57: The frequency distributions of leng
Page 58 and 59: HARVEST AREAS, DESTINATIONS, MARKET
Page 60 and 61: Major harvest areas in Lindi Region
Page 62 and 63: licences show how MI (Ltd.), the la
Page 64 and 65:
Figure 26 Off-road logging truck ro
Page 66 and 67:
Table 25 Total number of vehicles r
Page 68 and 69:
Seasonal variations in timber trade
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 35 Total timber shipments fr
Page 72 and 73:
Figure 37 Volumes (m 3 ) of Pteroca
Page 74 and 75:
Hymenaea verrucosa (Gum copal tree,
Page 76 and 77:
Figure 43 Volumes (m 3 ) of Dalberg
Page 78 and 79:
Charcoal shipments Official data on
Page 80 and 81:
Figure 47 Quantities of charcoal (b
Page 82 and 83:
Table 32 Proportion of selected woo
Page 84 and 85:
DISCUSSION Evidence of linkages bet
Page 86 and 87:
fees, applying ‘minimum breath he
Page 88 and 89:
saw millers and traders from Dar es
Page 90 and 91:
are indicated on the licences. For
Page 92 and 93:
RECOMMENDATIONS Costs of not taking
Page 94 and 95:
Table 35. Monitoring indicators inc
Page 96 and 97:
DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 98 and 99:
DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 100 and 101:
(Figure 51). Regulatory options to
Page 102 and 103:
Alternative energy sources Accounti
Page 104 and 105:
Anon. (1999g). Tanzania Country Str
Page 106 and 107:
De Waal, D. (2001). Setting Precend
Page 108 and 109:
Milliken, J. (1999). Youth migrants
Page 110 and 111:
ANNEXES Annex 1 Tanzania industrial
Page 112 and 113:
However, forests outside Forest Res
Page 114 and 115:
arks at TZS 2000 (USD 1.95) per kg
Page 116 and 117:
mm and relatively unreliable. The h
Page 118 and 119:
Coast Region has a total forest are
Page 120 and 121:
Table 43 Sectoral contribution to L
Page 122 and 123:
Annex 5. Sample checkpoint form for
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