Bridging the Gap: linking timber trade with infrastructural ...

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HARVEST AREAS, DESTINATIONS, MARKETS AND SEASONALITY Major harvest areas in Rufiji District Rufiji District accounted for 85% of all hardwood licensed for harvest from the study area during 2001 (Table 9). Data regarding harvest areas and relative harvest pressure in Rufiji District were obtained from Kibiti checkpoint records, all based on harvest licence information (Figure 21). The contour map for logs recorded at Kibiti checkpoint between October 2001 and January 2002, where each contour represents a difference of 50 m 3 round wood, revealed that the area of highest harvest pressure was Ngumburuni, followed by Ruhoi, Ikwiriri and Nyamwage (Figure 21). The major harvest areas for sawn wood were almost identical to those for round wood. Figure 21 Timber harvest pressure in relation to protected areas and major vegetation types, Rufiji District Sources: Kibiti checkpoint records, 2000-2001. Note: Number of neighbours = 20; power = 2; contour interval = 50 m 3 round wood. Surveys conducted in the southern part of Ngumburuni Forest Reserve during 2001-2 reported that the forests were criss-crossed by roads and in places excessive logging has opened the canopy (Anon., 2002h). Ngumburuni, Ruhoi, Namakutwa, Utete and Ngulakula were noted as areas that were increasingly attracting settlers and charcoal burners. 55
Logging truck routes along the main roads north of the Rufiji River revealed a similar picture to the harvest licences although a much higher concentration of roads, and therefore expected harvest pressure, was evident in Ruhoi Forest Reserve (Figure 22). This matches reports made by the RDFAPTF that Ruhoi Forest Reserve was a major source of timber issued on Rufiji District licences (Anon., 2002f). Whilst it is possible that some harvesting moved from Ngumburuni Forest Reserve in 2001 to Ruhoi Forest Reserve in 2002, it is also evident that significant quantities of timber issued on Ngumburuni Forest Reserve licences during 2001 were actually harvested from other areas. Although contrary to forest regulations, this practice is sometimes knowingly conducted by district authorities to increase their revenues. For example, a local authority Forest Reserve 9 in Rufiji District may be listed as the source area even if it is known that timber will be harvested from open land in the same district, or even from woodlands from another district. This method is employed to increase district forestry revenue but adversely affects attempts at monitoring the spatial variation in timber harvesting, information that is needed for sustainable forestry management 10 . It is therefore possible that significant quantities of the timber recorded as originating from Ngumburuni Forest Reserve during 2001 actually came from other areas. Figure 22 Distribution of off-road logging routes (represented by flags) along Kibiti-Ikwiriri-Mkongo ‘triangle’ north of Rufiji River, Oct 2001 9 A local authority Forest Reserve is owned and managed by the local (usually district) government, including collection of harvest levies. Other Forest Reserves are managed by the central government, whilst large areas of forest occur in open, unreserved land (unprotected). 10 Royalties (according to the Forests (Amendment) Rules) for wood harvested from central government Forest Reserves are sent to the Forest and Beekeeping Division headquarters in Dar es Salaam. District authorities retain royalties collected from wood harvested in district authority Forest reserves according to their by-laws (Annex 2). 56
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Published by TRAFFIC East/Southern
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABBREVI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was mad
Page 8 and 9: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The close relatio
Page 10 and 11: guidance from central and district
Page 12 and 13: The National Forest Policy (1998) s
Page 14 and 15: However, significant changes in dev
Page 16 and 17: METHODOLOGY This study was conducte
Page 18 and 19: Field Research Research assistants
Page 20 and 21: Table 2 Types of analyses made amon
Page 22 and 23: south bank (1270 m 3 ). Therefore,
Page 24 and 25: commenced in 1986 have converted th
Page 26 and 27: The majority of reserved forests an
Page 28 and 29: Degradation of forests and deforest
Page 30 and 31: medicinal plants for curing illness
Page 32 and 33: STUDY AREA OVERVIEW The study area
Page 34 and 35: The coastal forests found in the st
Page 36 and 37: Data on harvest licences covering a
Page 38 and 39: Figure 8 Sawn wood and logs shipped
Page 40 and 41: eported to be very low, with most s
Page 42 and 43: ound wood from the study area. Over
Page 44 and 45: Species harvested in 2001, but not
Page 46 and 47: checkpoint records from Kibiti, stu
Page 48 and 49: Figure 13 Main species processed by
Page 50 and 51: Two species, Swartzia madagascarens
Page 52 and 53: melanoxylon (Class I), Milicia exce
Page 54 and 55: A few species have shown particular
Page 56 and 57: The frequency distributions of leng
Page 60 and 61: Major harvest areas in Lindi Region
Page 62 and 63: licences show how MI (Ltd.), the la
Page 64 and 65: Figure 26 Off-road logging truck ro
Page 66 and 67: Table 25 Total number of vehicles r
Page 68 and 69: Seasonal variations in timber trade
Page 70 and 71: Figure 35 Total timber shipments fr
Page 72 and 73: Figure 37 Volumes (m 3 ) of Pteroca
Page 74 and 75: Hymenaea verrucosa (Gum copal tree,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 43 Volumes (m 3 ) of Dalberg
Page 78 and 79: Charcoal shipments Official data on
Page 80 and 81: Figure 47 Quantities of charcoal (b
Page 82 and 83: Table 32 Proportion of selected woo
Page 84 and 85: DISCUSSION Evidence of linkages bet
Page 86 and 87: fees, applying ‘minimum breath he
Page 88 and 89: saw millers and traders from Dar es
Page 90 and 91: are indicated on the licences. For
Page 92 and 93: RECOMMENDATIONS Costs of not taking
Page 94 and 95: Table 35. Monitoring indicators inc
Page 96 and 97: DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 98 and 99: DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 100 and 101: (Figure 51). Regulatory options to
Page 102 and 103: Alternative energy sources Accounti
Page 104 and 105: Anon. (1999g). Tanzania Country Str
Page 106 and 107: De Waal, D. (2001). Setting Precend
Page 108 and 109:
Milliken, J. (1999). Youth migrants
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ANNEXES Annex 1 Tanzania industrial
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However, forests outside Forest Res
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arks at TZS 2000 (USD 1.95) per kg
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mm and relatively unreliable. The h
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Coast Region has a total forest are
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Table 43 Sectoral contribution to L
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Annex 5. Sample checkpoint form for
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