Bridging the Gap: linking timber trade with infrastructural ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The frequency distributions of length and girth measurements are shown in Figure 20. Whilst both measurements have a similar range, the girth measurements have a more normal distribution. Two-thirds (67%) of all logs processed measured between 3.35 and 3.96 m in length (between 11 and 13 feet exactly) including 22% measuring precisely 3.66 m (12 feet) long. This is due to the preferred length of planks being around 12 feet. Figure 20 Measurements of logs processed by PIC Ltd. during 2001 (a) Length (m) number of logs 400 300 200 100 0 0.61 1.86 2.16 2.50 2.99 3.32 3.63 3.84 4.15 4.60 length (m) (b) Girth (m) 200 number of logs 150 100 50 0 0.64 1.16 1.40 1.68 1.92 2.23 2.50 2.83 4.60 girth (m) Source: PIC Ltd. sawmill, 2001. 53
Declining sizes of sawn wood Table 22 shows how the average length of some valuable Class II logs processed by PIC Ltd. is now smaller than the market preference for sawn wood lengths, 3.66 m (12 feet). These include Pterocarpus angolensis (2.9 m), Millettia stuhlmannii (2.9 m) and Afzelia quanzensis (2.3 m). The smaller log lengths of these valuable species, in particular Pterocarpus angolensis, matches claims by traders throughout the study area that plank sizes have decreased markedly since the 1980s. Field observations during this study confirmed Pterocarpus angolensis planks in some areas measuring only 1.8-2.1 m in length due to the scarcity of mature specimens, as well as evidence of recent harvesting of young trees throughout the study area. Further evidence of unsustainable harvesting comes from a survey conducted along the Kibiti-Ikwiriri road by REMP in 2000, which revealed that the average diameter of fresh Pterocarpus angolensis stumps in Ngumburuni Forest Reserve was 0.3 m, half the minimum harvestable diameter of 0.6 m for sustainable harvest practices (Anon., 2002f,h). This wood is subsequently traded as ‘off-cuts’ (normally branches from previously felled trees) that are not subject to licensing or other forms of regulation, hence fall outside existing measures to control and monitor timber utilisation. Credit: IUCN/O. Hamerlynck Hamerlynck (2003) reported steep declines in the availability of Afzelia quanzensis in Rufiji District since 1999, with traders even targeting diseased and irregular specimens for the production of short 1.8m planks. Harvesting of young Pterocarpus angolensis in Rufiji District, later to be sold as ‘off-cuts’. Official Kibiti checkpoint records reveal further evidence of unsustainable trade leading to declining plank sizes. Whilst sawn wood sizes are never homogenous, sawn wood travelling north through Kibiti from October 2001 to January 2002 averaged just 0.05 m 3 round wood equivalent (or 18.41 planks per m 3 round wood). According to the Rufiji District Forest Action Plan Task Force (RDFAPTF), a cubic metre of round wood from well-stocked miombo woodland should yield around 12 standard planks (Anon., 2002f). The higher number of planks being cut from a cubic metre of wood indicates smaller sized planks. However, the average sawn wood volume of 0.05 m 3 round wood equivalent should be interpreted with caution since the accuracy of source data is questionable. 54
Page 2 and 3:
Published by TRAFFIC East/Southern
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABBREVI
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was mad
Page 8 and 9: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The close relatio
Page 10 and 11: guidance from central and district
Page 12 and 13: The National Forest Policy (1998) s
Page 14 and 15: However, significant changes in dev
Page 16 and 17: METHODOLOGY This study was conducte
Page 18 and 19: Field Research Research assistants
Page 20 and 21: Table 2 Types of analyses made amon
Page 22 and 23: south bank (1270 m 3 ). Therefore,
Page 24 and 25: commenced in 1986 have converted th
Page 26 and 27: The majority of reserved forests an
Page 28 and 29: Degradation of forests and deforest
Page 30 and 31: medicinal plants for curing illness
Page 32 and 33: STUDY AREA OVERVIEW The study area
Page 34 and 35: The coastal forests found in the st
Page 36 and 37: Data on harvest licences covering a
Page 38 and 39: Figure 8 Sawn wood and logs shipped
Page 40 and 41: eported to be very low, with most s
Page 42 and 43: ound wood from the study area. Over
Page 44 and 45: Species harvested in 2001, but not
Page 46 and 47: checkpoint records from Kibiti, stu
Page 48 and 49: Figure 13 Main species processed by
Page 50 and 51: Two species, Swartzia madagascarens
Page 52 and 53: melanoxylon (Class I), Milicia exce
Page 54 and 55: A few species have shown particular
Page 58 and 59: HARVEST AREAS, DESTINATIONS, MARKET
Page 60 and 61: Major harvest areas in Lindi Region
Page 62 and 63: licences show how MI (Ltd.), the la
Page 64 and 65: Figure 26 Off-road logging truck ro
Page 66 and 67: Table 25 Total number of vehicles r
Page 68 and 69: Seasonal variations in timber trade
Page 70 and 71: Figure 35 Total timber shipments fr
Page 72 and 73: Figure 37 Volumes (m 3 ) of Pteroca
Page 74 and 75: Hymenaea verrucosa (Gum copal tree,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 43 Volumes (m 3 ) of Dalberg
Page 78 and 79: Charcoal shipments Official data on
Page 80 and 81: Figure 47 Quantities of charcoal (b
Page 82 and 83: Table 32 Proportion of selected woo
Page 84 and 85: DISCUSSION Evidence of linkages bet
Page 86 and 87: fees, applying ‘minimum breath he
Page 88 and 89: saw millers and traders from Dar es
Page 90 and 91: are indicated on the licences. For
Page 92 and 93: RECOMMENDATIONS Costs of not taking
Page 94 and 95: Table 35. Monitoring indicators inc
Page 96 and 97: DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 98 and 99: DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 100 and 101: (Figure 51). Regulatory options to
Page 102 and 103: Alternative energy sources Accounti
Page 104 and 105: Anon. (1999g). Tanzania Country Str
Page 106 and 107:
De Waal, D. (2001). Setting Precend
Page 108 and 109:
Milliken, J. (1999). Youth migrants
Page 110 and 111:
ANNEXES Annex 1 Tanzania industrial
Page 112 and 113:
However, forests outside Forest Res
Page 114 and 115:
arks at TZS 2000 (USD 1.95) per kg
Page 116 and 117:
mm and relatively unreliable. The h
Page 118 and 119:
Coast Region has a total forest are
Page 120 and 121:
Table 43 Sectoral contribution to L
Page 122 and 123:
Annex 5. Sample checkpoint form for
show all

Bridging the Gap: linking timber trade with infrastructural ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?