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ound wood from the study area. Over the same period, an estimated 42 000 m 3 timber was transported north over the Rufiji River, and 2420 m 3 shipped from the ports of Mtwara, Lindi and Kilwa Masoko. This does not include informal shipments by sea, charcoal and construction timber sold in urban markets within the country, nor vast quantities of wood fuel (approximately 2.1 million m 3 ) and other forest products used by individual households. Estimated harvest pressure by district If the forest areas of each district are taken into account, an estimated average harvest pressure may be calculated for each district, with the assumption that average forest stocking densities are the same for each district and all areas of forest are harvestable (Table 14). As expected, this analysis shows that Rufiji District has by far the highest estimated harvest pressure, a factor of almost five times higher than Kilwa District and 50 times higher than Liwale District, highlighting the immediate need for harvest plans. Dalbergia melaxolyon stand, Lindi district. Credit: Simon Milledge/ TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa Table 14 Volume of timber licensed for harvest and estimated harvest pressure by district, 2000-2001 District Estimated forest area (ha) Year Volume timber issued on harvest licences (m 3 ) Estimated harvest pressure (m 3 /10,000Ha) Average harvest pressure, 2000-1 (m 3 /10,000Ha) Nachingwea and Ruangwa 534 700 Liwale 1 738 100 Lindi 775 970 Kilwa 1 291 500 Rufiji 1 231 930 2000 109.5 2.0 2001 286.5 5.4 2000 271.1 1.6 2001 118.8 0.7 2000 163.3 2.1 2001 171.9 2.2 2000 2 119.4 16.4 2001 987.8 7.6 2000 5 484.6 44.5 2001 8 559.4 69.5 3.7 1.1 2.2 12.0 57.0 Source: District licence records; Anon. (1997g). 39
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ROUND WOOD IN TRADE The species composition of round wood in trade was determined from comparison of records from timber harvest licences, Kibiti natural resource checkpoint, sawmills and forest stump surveys. Tree species belong to one of five different classes (I-V) according to their value. Log fees in 2002 ranged from TZS 70 000/m 3 (USD 68.29/m 3 ) for class I species, to TZS 10 000/m 3 (USD 9.76/m 3 ) for Class V species (refer to Annex 2). Timber harvest records Harvesting licences were issued for a total of 27 hardwood timber species in the study area during 2000 and 2001 (Table 15). During 2001, the two most popular species by harvest volume were Class V species, Hymenaea verrucosa (41%) and Trichilia emetica (21%), with licences issued almost exclusively for harvest within Rufiji District. Other popular species during 2001 included Class II Pterocarpus angolensis (11%), Swartzia madagascarensis (7%) and Afzelia quanzensis (7%). In fact, Class V and II species constituted the majority by volume during 2001, at 66% and 28% respectively. According to official harvest licence records, the single Class I species, Dalbergia melanoxylon¸ constituted a relatively low volume at just 107 m 3 . As shown in Figure 10, four species comprised 80% of the harvest licences by volume during 2001. Figure 10 Relative volume of harvests licensed for timber species, 2001 Milicia ex elsa Ery throphleum africanum 1% 3% Afromosia angolensis 3% Millettia stuhlmanii 3% Afzelia quanzensis 7% Dalbergia melanox y lon 1% Maeopsis eminii 1% Other 1% Sw artzia madagascarensis 7% Hy menaea v errucosa 41% Pterocarpus angolensis 11% Source: District licence statistics, 2001. Trichilia emetica 21% 40
Page 2 and 3: Published by TRAFFIC East/Southern
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABBREVI
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was mad
Page 8 and 9: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The close relatio
Page 10 and 11: guidance from central and district
Page 12 and 13: The National Forest Policy (1998) s
Page 14 and 15: However, significant changes in dev
Page 16 and 17: METHODOLOGY This study was conducte
Page 18 and 19: Field Research Research assistants
Page 20 and 21: Table 2 Types of analyses made amon
Page 22 and 23: south bank (1270 m 3 ). Therefore,
Page 24 and 25: commenced in 1986 have converted th
Page 26 and 27: The majority of reserved forests an
Page 28 and 29: Degradation of forests and deforest
Page 30 and 31: medicinal plants for curing illness
Page 32 and 33: STUDY AREA OVERVIEW The study area
Page 34 and 35: The coastal forests found in the st
Page 36 and 37: Data on harvest licences covering a
Page 38 and 39: Figure 8 Sawn wood and logs shipped
Page 40 and 41: eported to be very low, with most s
Page 44 and 45: Species harvested in 2001, but not
Page 46 and 47: checkpoint records from Kibiti, stu
Page 48 and 49: Figure 13 Main species processed by
Page 50 and 51: Two species, Swartzia madagascarens
Page 52 and 53: melanoxylon (Class I), Milicia exce
Page 54 and 55: A few species have shown particular
Page 56 and 57: The frequency distributions of leng
Page 58 and 59: HARVEST AREAS, DESTINATIONS, MARKET
Page 60 and 61: Major harvest areas in Lindi Region
Page 62 and 63: licences show how MI (Ltd.), the la
Page 64 and 65: Figure 26 Off-road logging truck ro
Page 66 and 67: Table 25 Total number of vehicles r
Page 68 and 69: Seasonal variations in timber trade
Page 70 and 71: Figure 35 Total timber shipments fr
Page 72 and 73: Figure 37 Volumes (m 3 ) of Pteroca
Page 74 and 75: Hymenaea verrucosa (Gum copal tree,
Page 76 and 77: Figure 43 Volumes (m 3 ) of Dalberg
Page 78 and 79: Charcoal shipments Official data on
Page 80 and 81: Figure 47 Quantities of charcoal (b
Page 82 and 83: Table 32 Proportion of selected woo
Page 84 and 85: DISCUSSION Evidence of linkages bet
Page 86 and 87: fees, applying ‘minimum breath he
Page 88 and 89: saw millers and traders from Dar es
Page 90 and 91: are indicated on the licences. For
Page 92 and 93:
RECOMMENDATIONS Costs of not taking
Page 94 and 95:
Table 35. Monitoring indicators inc
Page 96 and 97:
DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 98 and 99:
DESCRIPTION OF INDICATOR BASELINE D
Page 100 and 101:
(Figure 51). Regulatory options to
Page 102 and 103:
Alternative energy sources Accounti
Page 104 and 105:
Anon. (1999g). Tanzania Country Str
Page 106 and 107:
De Waal, D. (2001). Setting Precend
Page 108 and 109:
Milliken, J. (1999). Youth migrants
Page 110 and 111:
ANNEXES Annex 1 Tanzania industrial
Page 112 and 113:
However, forests outside Forest Res
Page 114 and 115:
arks at TZS 2000 (USD 1.95) per kg
Page 116 and 117:
mm and relatively unreliable. The h
Page 118 and 119:
Coast Region has a total forest are
Page 120 and 121:
Table 43 Sectoral contribution to L
Page 122 and 123:
Annex 5. Sample checkpoint form for
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