treasure valley road dust study: final report - ResearchGate

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Furthermore, the vertical profile of the dust plume downwind of the source should be measured and documented to allow for comparison with model estimates such as those shown in Figure 6-3. 6-8
7. SOURCE MEASUREMENTS Source apportionment requires information about the chemical and physical characteristics of the emissions that are likely to affect pollutant concentrations at a receptor. For the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model (Watson et al., 1994), the required information is the fractional composition of each chemical species in the source emissions and an estimate of the variability of those compositions. This section describes the source profiles that were measured in the Treasure Valley Road Dust Study. 7.1 Source Types and Characterization Methods The potential source types that contribute to PM 10 in the Treasure Valley study region are: 1) fugitive dust from paved and unpaved roads, road salt applied to paved roads during winter, construction, and sand and gravel operations (all termed “geological material”); 2) motor vehicle exhaust from passenger cars, buses, and trucks; 3) soot from residential wood combustion; 4) secondary aerosols (i.e., ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate particles that form from gaseous ammonia, oxides of nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide emissions); 5) boiler emissions from heavy oil or coal combustion for power and heat generation; and 6) other miscellaneous industrial source emissions. There are many source sub-types within some of these categories that cannot be distinguished by commonly measured chemical species. The source contribution from each category is a composite of these different sub-types, and the derived profile must represent this mixture. For example, with currently measured chemical species, it is not possible to distinguish contributions from resuspended unpaved road dust, windblown dust, and construction dust from each other. These sources are therefore grouped together into a source type known as geological material. A number of methods have evolved over the past decade to extract samples from sources that have chemical and physical properties similar to those found at a receptor. Several of these methods are described in detail by Gordon et al. (1981), Chow et al. (1986), and Houck (1991), and the methods selected for this study were described by Chow et al. (1994a) . In each of these methods, emitted particles are collected on filters through size-selective inlets and chemically analyzed for a variety of chemical species. For the TVRDS, 16 road soil samples were collected at several locations in the Treasure Valley using the following methods: ?? Sweeping or scooping a surface layer of soil, paved road dust, and unpaved road dust using an electric vacuum or broom. Broom samples were collected in plastic Ziploc bags. Vacuum samples were collected in the vacuum bag which were sealed with packing tape and placed in Ziploc bags. 7-1
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TREASURE VALLEY ROAD DUST STUDY: FI
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Idaho Departm
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..
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6.3 DISCUSSION ....................
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are strongly correlated and that on
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Figure 4-17. Map of street sweeper
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xvi
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Table 5-3. Speeds and VKT by county
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Table A-28. Laboratory Silt Analysi
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?? To assess the impact of winterti
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2. SILT MEASUREMENTS For this study
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vehicle tires. The lengths of the s
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Figure 2-1. Map of Sample Collectio
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Table 2-5 Silt Content and Silt Loa
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collectors. In contrast, summer sil
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3.2 TRAKER Measurements For the TVR
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introduced by the carbon vanes insi
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3.2.4.1 Data Acquisition The TRAKER
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Figure 3-6 shows the TRAKER coeffic
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250 200 PM2.5 signal (mg/m 3 ) 150
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Line losses associated with the Dus
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1.2 1 Left Diluted Right Diluted Pr
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Table 3-2. Regression exponents for
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3.4.2 Flux Calculation from Meteoro
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12.2 m 0.16 9.0 m 0.05 5.7 m 0.22 4
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400 Ford Ranger on NS Road by DW1 4
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ceiling can be further stretched to
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100 sL = 2.5717(T*) 0.4741 R 2 = 0.
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4.1.1 Converting TRAKER Data Into E
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Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
Page 66 and 67: Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
Page 68 and 69: a. b. Figure 4-1. Map of TRAKER Str
Page 70 and 71: egressions, R 2 and P-values are al
Page 72 and 73: Summer - Ada - Rural Summer - Ada -
Page 74 and 75: The average emissions factor is 6.7
Page 76 and 77: Figure 4-5. TRAKER Loop 4.3.1 Tempo
Page 78 and 79: weeks prior to being swept. While t
Page 80 and 81: 4.3.2 Meteorological Effects on Unp
Page 82 and 83: Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Figur
Page 84 and 85: Figure 4-13. Johnston HSD mechanica
Page 86 and 87: Approximately 8 hours after the ini
Page 88 and 89: One-second emissions potentials (i.
Page 91 and 92: 5. EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR THE TR
Page 93 and 94: where E i.10 is the emissions in gr
Page 95 and 96: County Setting Road Class Speed (m/
Page 97 and 98: January, February, and March were u
Page 99 and 100: 5.1.3.2a January 1 - 9, 2000, 2010,
Page 101 and 102: Table 5-9 Precipitation and snow co
Page 103 and 104: complete link-level emissions inven
Page 105 and 106: Table 5-14. Distributions of averag
Page 107: Taken on an average annual basis, T
Page 110 and 111: Z n , K zn , ? c/ ? z n Z 3 , K z3
Page 112 and 113: Table 6-1. Aerodynamic particle siz
Page 114 and 115: 14 m 0 s 15 s 30 s 60 s 120 s 240 s
Page 118 and 119: ?? Sieving each sample to obtain a
Page 120 and 121: 7-4 Table 7-1. Source Profile Key M
Page 122 and 123: Table 6-1 (continued). Table of geo
Page 124 and 125: Treasure Valley Road Dust Winter Pa
Page 127 and 128: 7.3 Source Profile Summary This a p
Page 129 and 130: Table 7-4. Source profiles of Summe
Page 131: Table 7-6. Source profiles of Winte
Page 134 and 135: Bliss experiments were significant
Page 136 and 137: section was swept with a vacuum swe
Page 138 and 139: 8.3 Differences Between Emissions M
Page 140 and 141: determine at this time what fractio
Page 142 and 143: sweepers to reduce PM 10 emissions
Page 144 and 145: McMahon T.A., and P.J. Denison (197
Page 146 and 147: Figure A-1. Map of Sample Collectio
Page 148 and 149: Table A-2. Summer 2001 Silt Samplin
Page 150 and 151: Table A-3. Laboratory Silt Analysis
Page 152 and 153: Figure A-3. Map of Silt Loading Loc
Page 160 and 161: Table A-10. Laboratory Silt Analysi
Page 162 and 163: Table A-11. Laboratory Silt Analysi
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Figure A-9. Map of Silt Loading Loc
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Figure A-11. Sampling locations of
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APPENDIX B. BOISE PRECIPITATION AND
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Pecentile among days with precipita
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A.1 Wind speed The cumulative frequ
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APPENDIX C : EMISSIONS INVENTORIES:
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C.1.1.2a Field List for worksheets
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values specified by AP-42 and do no
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