treasure valley road dust study: final report - ResearchGate

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3. TRAKER OPERATION The Treasure Valley Road Dust Study (TVRDS) makes extensive use of the TRAKER road dust emissions measurement system. In this Chapter, we discuss the TRAKER measurement method, the results of several quality assurance tests, and the derivation of a calibration curve that directly relates values measured by the TRAKER to PM 10 road dust emissions. 3.1 Description of the TRAKER concept The principle of operation of the TRAKER (Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads) is illustrated in Figure 3-1. The concentration of airborne particles is monitored through inlets that are mounted near the front tires of a vehicle. These particle sensors are influenced by the road dust generated from the spinning of the tire. A background measurement of particle concentrations is obtained simultaneously at a location on the vehicle far away from the tires. The difference in the signals between the influence monitors and the background monitor is related to the amount of road dust generated: T ? T T ? T b ( 1 ) where T is the raw TRAKER signal, T T is the particle concentration measured behind the tire, and T B is the background concentration. The TRAKER system was first used in Las Vegas to survey road dust on over 100 miles of paved roads (Kuhns et al, 1999). The test vehicle consisted of a 1988 Jeep Cherokee outfitted with a GPS system and video camera to document road conditions. Two light scattering instruments (TSI DustTrak model # 8520) measured concentrations of particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 ?m (PM 10 ) from samples taken through inlets mounted behind the tire (influence monitor) and on the vehicle hood (background monitor). The data streams from all onboard instruments were collected through a laptop computer. Front Background Monitor Top View Top View Influence Monitor Background Monitor Front Side View Influence Monitor Figure 3-1. Principle of operation of the TRAKER. Influence monitors measure the concentration of particles behind the tires. The background monitor is used to establish a baseline 3-1
Page 1: TREASURE VALLEY ROAD DUST STUDY: FI
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Idaho Departm
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..
Page 9: 6.3 DISCUSSION ....................
Page 12 and 13: are strongly correlated and that on
Page 14 and 15: Figure 4-17. Map of street sweeper
Page 16 and 17: xvi
Page 18 and 19: Table 5-3. Speeds and VKT by county
Page 20 and 21: Table A-28. Laboratory Silt Analysi
Page 22 and 23: ?? To assess the impact of winterti
Page 25 and 26: 2. SILT MEASUREMENTS For this study
Page 27 and 28: vehicle tires. The lengths of the s
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2-1. Map of Sample Collectio
Page 31 and 32: Table 2-5 Silt Content and Silt Loa
Page 33: collectors. In contrast, summer sil
Page 37 and 38: a. b. c. d. Figure 3-2. Photographs
Page 39 and 40: 3.2.3.2 Grimm 1.108 Particle Size A
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3-4. TRAKER Control Panel. R
Page 43 and 44: 100 90 80 Coefficeient of Variation
Page 45 and 46: lead to unsteady flow conditions be
Page 47 and 48: Fractional Line Loss 1.2 1 0.8 0.6
Page 49 and 50: PM 10 and PM 2.5 by DustTrak and pa
Page 51 and 52: Each tower was instrumented with fo
Page 53 and 54: 30 25 Downwind Tower #1 (9 m from R
Page 55 and 56: Table 3-3. Average emissions factor
Page 57 and 58: T ? T * s 3 ( 4 ) EF ? bs ( 5 ) 1/
Page 59 and 60: study in Las Vegas (Kuhns et al., 2
Page 61 and 62: 4. RESULTS OF TRAKER MEASUREMENTS I
Page 63 and 64: Table 4-1. GIS coverages used in TR
Page 65 and 66: Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
Page 67 and 68: Table 4-2 shows that there are no s
Page 69 and 70: Table 4-3. TRAKER street survey cov
Page 71 and 72: Log (volume-cars per lane per day)
Page 73 and 74: Table 4-6. Table of Emissions Poten
Page 75 and 76: emissions potentials was examined b
Page 77 and 78: Table 4-8. Turn-by-turn directions
Page 79 and 80: 0.9 Emissions Potential [g/vkt/mps]
Page 81 and 82: 4.4 Special Studies During the TVRD
Page 83 and 84: Both roads were surveyed twice with
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0.8 0.7 S1 Sanded and Vacuum Swept
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Tests were conducted on 07/22/01 th
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the large material into finer parti
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5.1.1.1a Roads covered by Traffic D
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Table 5-3. Speeds and VKT by county
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the emissions calculation is that t
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2000 2010 2015 2020 Figure 5-2. Map
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Table 5-6. Unpaved Roads in km for
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Table 5-11. Table of modifiers for
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Table 5-13. Year 2000 Paved Road Du
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5.3.3 Comparisons of Road dust emis
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6. MODIFICATIONS OF ROAD DUST EMISS
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where ? is the von Karman constant
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approximately 55% 500 seconds downw
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6.3 Discussion The depletion of PM
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7. SOURCE MEASUREMENTS Source appor
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[Elemental Carbon (EC)] = [EC] [Amm
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Table 7-2. Table of geologic sample
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mass (14% to 19%). Road dust is not
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Treasure Valley Road Dust Winter Sa
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Table 7-3. Source profiles of Winte
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Table 7-5. Source profiles of Winte
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8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The Trea
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class (local/residential, collector
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espectively. The equivalent EPA def
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elemental carbon abundances that we
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important to note that the experime
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9. REFERENCES Chow, J.C., and J.G.
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APPENDIX A. MAPS OF ROAD DUST COLLE
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Table A-1. Winter 2001 Silt Samplin
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Figure A-2. Map of Silt Loading Loc
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Table A-4. Laboratory Silt Analysis
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Table A-12. Laboratory Silt Analysi
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Figure A-10. Map of Silt Loading Lo
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Figure A-13. Sampling locations of
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B.1 Precipitation Daily precipitati
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Frequency of occurrence (days/year)
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Average wind speed (mph) 8.5 8.0 7.
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C.1 Treasure valley Road Dust Study
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c. Year_2010_Emissions_Inventory_By
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B: The ID number for the Terminatin
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