treasure valley road dust study: final report - ResearchGate

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12.2 m 0.16 9.0 m 0.05 5.7 m 0.22 4.7 m 0.12 2.41 m 0.27 2.67 m 0.33 1.25 m 0.55 1.25 m 0.27 Road DownWind 9 m DownWind 50 m Figure 3-18. Diagram of sampler positions and vertical distribution of the plume downwind of the unpaved road. For the North-South test section, average emissions factors were calculated from passes of the Ford Ranger and the Chevy Van for a variety of speeds ranging from 1.4 to 14 mps. At least 10 passes were completed at each speed, allowing for calculation of averages and standard errors of emissions fluxes. Figure 3-19 shows the comparison of the emissions fluxes calculated at the two towers. The regression line relating the two sets of emissions factors has a slope of 1.03 +/- 0.05 and an intercept of –2 +/- 8 g/vkt. This result suggests that the difference of PM 10 mass flux of particles between the two towers is less than 5% of the total PM 10 mass flux. Analysis of emissions factors from the tower experiments indicated that unpaved road dust emissions factors increase with vehicle speed as well as vehicle weight. The Ford Ranger pickup truck has a gross vehicle weight of 1.5 Mg while both the TRAKER vehicle (Chevy Van) and HUMVEE have gross vehicle weights of ~3.5 Mg. Figure 3-20 shows the relationships between emissions factors calculated from towers DW1 and DW2 versus vehicle speed. The Ford Ranger emissions factors have been grouped separately from the TRAKER and HUMVEE emissions factors because of the weight discrepancies. The slope of the regression line for the TRAKER and HUMVEE vehicles is approximately 35% higher than the slope of the Ford Ranger. 3-20
Table 3-3. Average emissions factors calculated from unpaved road travel at Fort Bliss. Test Date Road Test Section Vehicle Target Speed (km/hr) Number of Vehicle Passes Emissions Factor on DW1 (g/vkt) EMFAC DW1 Standard Error (g/vkt) Emissions Factor on DW2 (g/vkt) EMFAC DW2 Standard Error (g/vkt) 5/18/01 NS Ranger 20 16 49 15 53 13 5/18/01 NS Ranger 30 16 172 47 147 52 5/18/01 NS Ranger 40 16 308 57 331 66 5/18/01 NS Ranger 50 15 239 43 242 41 5/18/01 NS TRAKER 5 10 101 26 41 11 5/18/01 NS TRAKER 7 15 12 3 17 5 5/18/01 NS TRAKER 10 18 26 4 28 5 5/18/01 NS TRAKER 15 3 45 22 36 5 5/20/01 NS Ranger 20 20 52 19 5/20/01 NS Ranger 30 20 154 30 5/20/01 NS Ranger 40 20 234 49 5/20/01 NS Ranger 50 20 232 38 5/24/01 EW HUMVEE 10 19 34 9 37 13 5/24/01 EW HUMVEE 20 20 167 51 161 51 5/24/01 EW HUMVEE 30 20 242 48 237 44 5/24/01 EW TRAKER 5 10 30 15 40 14 5/24/01 EW TRAKER 10 10 56 12 82 24 5/24/01 EW TRAKER 15 10 134 51 109 30 5/24/01 EW TRAKER 20 10 45 15 186 110 Figure 3-19. Comparison of emissions factors measured on towers 9 m and 50 m downwind of an unpaved road. Error bars on the figure represent the standard error of the flux measurements. 3-21
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TREASURE VALLEY ROAD DUST STUDY: FI
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Idaho Departm
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..
Page 9: 6.3 DISCUSSION ....................
Page 12 and 13: are strongly correlated and that on
Page 14 and 15: Figure 4-17. Map of street sweeper
Page 16 and 17: xvi
Page 18 and 19: Table 5-3. Speeds and VKT by county
Page 20 and 21: Table A-28. Laboratory Silt Analysi
Page 22 and 23: ?? To assess the impact of winterti
Page 25 and 26: 2. SILT MEASUREMENTS For this study
Page 27 and 28: vehicle tires. The lengths of the s
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2-1. Map of Sample Collectio
Page 31 and 32: Table 2-5 Silt Content and Silt Loa
Page 33: collectors. In contrast, summer sil
Page 36 and 37: 3.2 TRAKER Measurements For the TVR
Page 38 and 39: introduced by the carbon vanes insi
Page 40 and 41: 3.2.4.1 Data Acquisition The TRAKER
Page 42 and 43: Figure 3-6 shows the TRAKER coeffic
Page 44 and 45: 250 200 PM2.5 signal (mg/m 3 ) 150
Page 46 and 47: Line losses associated with the Dus
Page 48 and 49: 1.2 1 Left Diluted Right Diluted Pr
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-2. Regression exponents for
Page 52 and 53: 3.4.2 Flux Calculation from Meteoro
Page 56 and 57: 400 Ford Ranger on NS Road by DW1 4
Page 58 and 59: ceiling can be further stretched to
Page 60 and 61: 100 sL = 2.5717(T*) 0.4741 R 2 = 0.
Page 62 and 63: 4.1.1 Converting TRAKER Data Into E
Page 64 and 65: Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
Page 66 and 67: Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
Page 68 and 69: a. b. Figure 4-1. Map of TRAKER Str
Page 70 and 71: egressions, R 2 and P-values are al
Page 72 and 73: Summer - Ada - Rural Summer - Ada -
Page 74 and 75: The average emissions factor is 6.7
Page 76 and 77: Figure 4-5. TRAKER Loop 4.3.1 Tempo
Page 78 and 79: weeks prior to being swept. While t
Page 80 and 81: 4.3.2 Meteorological Effects on Unp
Page 82 and 83: Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Figur
Page 84 and 85: Figure 4-13. Johnston HSD mechanica
Page 86 and 87: Approximately 8 hours after the ini
Page 88 and 89: One-second emissions potentials (i.
Page 91 and 92: 5. EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR THE TR
Page 93 and 94: where E i.10 is the emissions in gr
Page 95 and 96: County Setting Road Class Speed (m/
Page 97 and 98: January, February, and March were u
Page 99 and 100: 5.1.3.2a January 1 - 9, 2000, 2010,
Page 101 and 102: Table 5-9 Precipitation and snow co
Page 103 and 104: complete link-level emissions inven
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Table 5-14. Distributions of averag
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Taken on an average annual basis, T
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Z n , K zn , ? c/ ? z n Z 3 , K z3
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Table 6-1. Aerodynamic particle siz
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14 m 0 s 15 s 30 s 60 s 120 s 240 s
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Furthermore, the vertical profile o
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?? Sieving each sample to obtain a
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7-4 Table 7-1. Source Profile Key M
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Table 6-1 (continued). Table of geo
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Treasure Valley Road Dust Winter Pa
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7.3 Source Profile Summary This a p
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Table 7-4. Source profiles of Summe
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Table 7-6. Source profiles of Winte
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Bliss experiments were significant
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section was swept with a vacuum swe
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8.3 Differences Between Emissions M
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determine at this time what fractio
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sweepers to reduce PM 10 emissions
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McMahon T.A., and P.J. Denison (197
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Figure A-1. Map of Sample Collectio
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Table A-2. Summer 2001 Silt Samplin
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Table A-3. Laboratory Silt Analysis
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Figure A-3. Map of Silt Loading Loc
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Table A-10. Laboratory Silt Analysi
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Figure A-11. Sampling locations of
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APPENDIX B. BOISE PRECIPITATION AND
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Pecentile among days with precipita
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A.1 Wind speed The cumulative frequ
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APPENDIX C : EMISSIONS INVENTORIES:
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C.1.1.2a Field List for worksheets
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values specified by AP-42 and do no
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