treasure valley road dust study: final report - ResearchGate

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introduced by the carbon vanes inside the pump. Manual valves allow for independent flow control for the left and right dilution lines. The dilution air lines are attached to the inlet pipe via a U-shaped tube that is inserted 1.5 cm into the inlet. A photograph of the inlet line wit h the dilution attachment is shown in Figure 3-3. Figure 3-3. Photograph showing inlet configuration of TRAKER dilution system. 3.2.3 Instruments 3.2.3.1 TSI DustTraks The TSI DustTrak (model # 8520) is a rugged portable monitor that uses particle light scattering to infer PM concentrations. The instrument is calibrated using NIST Arizona Dust to relate light scattering intensity to aerosol mass concentrations in mg/m 3 . The DustTrak measures aerosol mass over a range of concentrations from 0.001 mg/m 3 to 150 mg/m 3 at a frequency of 1 Hz. (Note: 1 mg/m 3 = 1000??g/m 3 ). The instrument is shipped from the manufacturer with three impactor inlets to remove particles greater than 10 ?m, 2.5 ?m, and 1 ?m. The flowrate at the instrument inlet is 1.7 lpm. In this study, six DustTraks were used onboard the TRAKER. Each of the three plena (left, right, and background) was equipped with two DustTraks, one with a 10 ?m inlet and the other with a 2.5 ?m inlet. For three days during the winter field campaign (3/6/01, 3/10/01, and 3/15/01) no measurements were obtained from the right side of the vehicle due to a shortage of operational instruments. 3-4
3.2.3.2 Grimm 1.108 Particle Size Analyzer The Grimm 1.108 Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) provides real-time size-segregated particle counts for particles in 15 different size bins that span the range from 0.3 - 20 ?m. The PSA uses the light scattering properties of a particle to estimate its physical size. The particle size number distribution can be converted to a mass distribution using an assumed or inferred particle density. The flowrate at the instrument inlet is 1.8 lpm. In this study, the PSAs were used to supplement the DustTraks. During the winter portion of the study (starting on 3/3/01), two PSAs were utilized; one was connected to the left inlet and the other to the background inlet. A third PSA was added to the right inlet for the summer portion of the field study. 3.2.3.3 Ashtech Promark GPS The global positioning system provides a highly accurate method of obtaining real -time position information. A mobile GPS unit consists of a portable device that receives signals broadcast by at least four different satellites. The satellites broadcast time signals that are used by the mobile unit to triangulate a three dimensional location. Due to correctable interferences such as clock, ephemeris, ionospheric, and tropospheric errors, the accuracy of the raw GPS signal is approximately 15 m. This accuracy can be improved to within 3-4 m by a post-processing scheme known as differential processing. In this scheme, a GPS is situated at a station with a known position that is in the approximate vicinity of the mobile unit. By comparing the known coordinates of the station with the coordinates reported by the GPS, it is possible to achieve an accuracy of a few meters with a handheld mobile device. Data for stationary GPS are readily available on the Internet for the purpose of applying differential correction. All data obtained from the mobile GPS used in the Treasure Valley Road Dust Study were differentially corrected against a stationary GPS located at Burns, Oregon. 3.2.3.4 Airmetrics MiniVol The Airmetrics MiniVol is a portable filter-based sampler. The battery-operated device is equipped with an air pump, internal flow regulator, and a timer/controller. A pneumatic attachment at the top of the unit is used to connect the MiniVol controller to a filterpack. The filterpack consists of a number of sequentially staged filters (up to three in a row) and a sizeselective inlet. In this study, six MiniVol samplers were used simultaneously to obtain samples of road dust from within the plena in the TRAKER. Filter samples obtained through use of the MiniVol were analyzed for chemical content. These samples served as an alternate approach for obtaining road dust source profiles. The traditional approach involves resuspending a portion of dirt vacuumed from the road in a specially designed chamber and collecting resuspended particles on filters through appropriate size-selective inlets. 3.2.4 Data Acquisition and Measurement Documentation The TRAKER uses a central onboard computer to log all real-time data and to provide a means for documenting road conditions. 3-5
Page 1: TREASURE VALLEY ROAD DUST STUDY: FI
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Idaho Departm
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..
Page 9: 6.3 DISCUSSION ....................
Page 12 and 13: are strongly correlated and that on
Page 14 and 15: Figure 4-17. Map of street sweeper
Page 16 and 17: xvi
Page 18 and 19: Table 5-3. Speeds and VKT by county
Page 20 and 21: Table A-28. Laboratory Silt Analysi
Page 22 and 23: ?? To assess the impact of winterti
Page 25 and 26: 2. SILT MEASUREMENTS For this study
Page 27 and 28: vehicle tires. The lengths of the s
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2-1. Map of Sample Collectio
Page 31 and 32: Table 2-5 Silt Content and Silt Loa
Page 33: collectors. In contrast, summer sil
Page 36 and 37: 3.2 TRAKER Measurements For the TVR
Page 40 and 41: 3.2.4.1 Data Acquisition The TRAKER
Page 42 and 43: Figure 3-6 shows the TRAKER coeffic
Page 44 and 45: 250 200 PM2.5 signal (mg/m 3 ) 150
Page 46 and 47: Line losses associated with the Dus
Page 48 and 49: 1.2 1 Left Diluted Right Diluted Pr
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-2. Regression exponents for
Page 52 and 53: 3.4.2 Flux Calculation from Meteoro
Page 54 and 55: 12.2 m 0.16 9.0 m 0.05 5.7 m 0.22 4
Page 56 and 57: 400 Ford Ranger on NS Road by DW1 4
Page 58 and 59: ceiling can be further stretched to
Page 60 and 61: 100 sL = 2.5717(T*) 0.4741 R 2 = 0.
Page 62 and 63: 4.1.1 Converting TRAKER Data Into E
Page 64 and 65: Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
Page 66 and 67: Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
Page 68 and 69: a. b. Figure 4-1. Map of TRAKER Str
Page 70 and 71: egressions, R 2 and P-values are al
Page 72 and 73: Summer - Ada - Rural Summer - Ada -
Page 74 and 75: The average emissions factor is 6.7
Page 76 and 77: Figure 4-5. TRAKER Loop 4.3.1 Tempo
Page 78 and 79: weeks prior to being swept. While t
Page 80 and 81: 4.3.2 Meteorological Effects on Unp
Page 82 and 83: Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Figur
Page 84 and 85: Figure 4-13. Johnston HSD mechanica
Page 86 and 87: Approximately 8 hours after the ini
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One-second emissions potentials (i.
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5. EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR THE TR
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where E i.10 is the emissions in gr
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County Setting Road Class Speed (m/
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January, February, and March were u
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5.1.3.2a January 1 - 9, 2000, 2010,
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Table 5-9 Precipitation and snow co
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complete link-level emissions inven
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Table 5-14. Distributions of averag
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Taken on an average annual basis, T
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Z n , K zn , ? c/ ? z n Z 3 , K z3
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Table 6-1. Aerodynamic particle siz
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14 m 0 s 15 s 30 s 60 s 120 s 240 s
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Furthermore, the vertical profile o
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?? Sieving each sample to obtain a
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7-4 Table 7-1. Source Profile Key M
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Table 6-1 (continued). Table of geo
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Treasure Valley Road Dust Winter Pa
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7.3 Source Profile Summary This a p
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Table 7-4. Source profiles of Summe
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Table 7-6. Source profiles of Winte
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Bliss experiments were significant
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section was swept with a vacuum swe
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8.3 Differences Between Emissions M
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determine at this time what fractio
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sweepers to reduce PM 10 emissions
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McMahon T.A., and P.J. Denison (197
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Figure A-1. Map of Sample Collectio
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Table A-2. Summer 2001 Silt Samplin
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Table A-3. Laboratory Silt Analysis
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Figure A-3. Map of Silt Loading Loc
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Table A-10. Laboratory Silt Analysi
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Figure A-11. Sampling locations of
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APPENDIX B. BOISE PRECIPITATION AND
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Pecentile among days with precipita
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A.1 Wind speed The cumulative frequ
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APPENDIX C : EMISSIONS INVENTORIES:
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C.1.1.2a Field List for worksheets
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values specified by AP-42 and do no
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