treasure valley road dust study: final report - ResearchGate

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Figure 4-17. Map of street sweeper test area in rural Ada County. The shaded ovals are the areas where the sweeper tests occurred. ....................................................................4-27 Figure 4-18. Comparison of emissions potential from 5 streets in Ada County before and after street sweeping.......................................................................................................4-28 Figure 5-1. Example of how centroid connectors emulate residential streets. The thin black lines represent roads in a residential neighborhood. The thick gray lines (1-4) are the representation of the residential neighborhoods within the Traffic Demand Model. The point at the center of the picture where the four gray centroid connectors meet is an example of a Traffic Analysis Zone (TZA). .....................................................5-3 Figure 5-2. Maps of urban/rural zones for year 2000 and future year emissions potentials calculations. Urban areas are represented by census tracts shaded in black; tracts in rural areas are white. A census tract is designated as “urban” if the average population density within the tract >= 1000 per square mile. ............................................5-8 Figure 5-3. VMT growth rate over time. The black diamonds are data from Traffic Demand Models for the years 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The dashed line is an exponential fit to the black diamonds and represents the increase of VMT with calendar year. The black circle is an estimate of VMT for 1991 based on the fit. ..............5-8 Figure 5-4. Map of distributions of road dust emissions. Emissions per link have been normalized with the length of the link. The units of the numbers in the legend are grams per day per km of link. Darker lines correspond to links with higher emissions on a per kilometer basis..................................................................................................5-14 Figure 5-5. Map of distributions of unpaved road dust emissions. Emissions per link have been normalized with the length of the link. The units of the numbers in the legend are grams per day per km of link. Darker lines correspond to links with higher emissions on a per kilometer basis. The thick black spots in Canyon County correspond to the rural townships. ..................................................................................5-15 Figure 6-1. Schematic of one-dimensional numerical grid. Concentrations are evaluated between nodes while the remaining parameters are evaluated at the nodes........................6-2 Figure 6-2. Fraction of 7.21 ?m particles that remain in suspension vs. time from emission...........................................................................................................................6-5 Figure 6-3. Time series of concentration with height for a. neutral conditions and b. stable conditions.........................................................................................................................6-6 Figure 6-4. Fraction of PM 10 remaining in suspension vs. time after emission. The size distribution at the point of emission is given in section 4.1. ..............................................6-6 Figure 7-1. PM 10 source profiles of paved and unpaved road dust samples collected in the Treasure Valley in Winter and Summer 2001..............................................................7-8 Figure 7-2. PM 10 source profiles of road sanding material, chip material used for chipsealing road resurfacing, and particles collected on filters using the TRAKER system. All samples were collected in the Treasure Valley in Winter and Summer 2001.................................................................................................................................7-9 xiv
Figure A-1. Map of Sample Collection Locations. Grey circles indicate paved road dust silt sampling. Black circles are locations where unpaved road dust was collected. ..........A-2 Figure A-2. Map of Silt Loading Location: Riva Ridge North of Reutzel, Boise, ID...............A-5 Figure A-3. Map of Silt Loading Location: Apple St. between Wright and LaFayette, Boise, ID.........................................................................................................................A-8 Figure A-4. Map of Silt Loading Location: 13th St North of Hays, Boise, ID......................A-11 Figure A-5. Map of Silt Loading Location: Front St. between 3rd and 5th, Boise, ID...........A-14 Figure A-6. Map of Silt Loading Location: West Park Dr. West of Milwaukee, Boise, ID..................................................................................................................................A-17 Figure A-7. Map of Silt Loading Location: Maple Grove North of Tillamook, Boise, ID. ....A-20 Figure A-8. Map of Silt Loading Location: Garrity Blvd. between Calvary and 11th, Nampa, ID.....................................................................................................................A-23 Figure A-9. Map of Silt Loading Location: Amity between Colorado and Diamond, Nampa, ID.....................................................................................................................A-26 Figure A-10. Map of Silt Loading Location: 6 th St. between 6 th Ave and 7 th Ave, Nampa, ID..................................................................................................................................A-29 Figure A-11. Sampling locations of unpaved road material: Howry Road, Ada County, ID..................................................................................................................................A-32 Figure A-12. Sampling locations of unpaved road material: Cloverdale Farm Road, Ada County, ID. ...................................................................................................................A-34 Figure A-13. Sampling locations of unpaved road material: Pierce Park Road, Ada County, ID. ...................................................................................................................A-37 Figure A-14. Sampling locations of unpaved road material: Unpaved Driveway Off Happy Valley Road, Canyon County, ID.......................................................................A-40 Figure B-1. Cumulative frequency distribution of daily precipitation for days with measurable precipitation at Boise Airport January 1940-November 2001. .......................B-3 Figure B-2. Histogram of the number of consecutive precipitation days. ................................B-4 Figure B-3. Cumulative frequency distribution of wind speed (mph)......................................B-5 Figure B-4. Average wind speed by month.............................................................................B-6 Figure B-5. Average windspeed by time of day......................................................................B-6 xv
Page 1: TREASURE VALLEY ROAD DUST STUDY: FI
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Idaho Departm
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..
Page 9: 6.3 DISCUSSION ....................
Page 12 and 13: are strongly correlated and that on
Page 16 and 17: xvi
Page 18 and 19: Table 5-3. Speeds and VKT by county
Page 20 and 21: Table A-28. Laboratory Silt Analysi
Page 22 and 23: ?? To assess the impact of winterti
Page 25 and 26: 2. SILT MEASUREMENTS For this study
Page 27 and 28: vehicle tires. The lengths of the s
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2-1. Map of Sample Collectio
Page 31 and 32: Table 2-5 Silt Content and Silt Loa
Page 33: collectors. In contrast, summer sil
Page 36 and 37: 3.2 TRAKER Measurements For the TVR
Page 38 and 39: introduced by the carbon vanes insi
Page 40 and 41: 3.2.4.1 Data Acquisition The TRAKER
Page 42 and 43: Figure 3-6 shows the TRAKER coeffic
Page 44 and 45: 250 200 PM2.5 signal (mg/m 3 ) 150
Page 46 and 47: Line losses associated with the Dus
Page 48 and 49: 1.2 1 Left Diluted Right Diluted Pr
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-2. Regression exponents for
Page 52 and 53: 3.4.2 Flux Calculation from Meteoro
Page 54 and 55: 12.2 m 0.16 9.0 m 0.05 5.7 m 0.22 4
Page 56 and 57: 400 Ford Ranger on NS Road by DW1 4
Page 58 and 59: ceiling can be further stretched to
Page 60 and 61: 100 sL = 2.5717(T*) 0.4741 R 2 = 0.
Page 62 and 63: 4.1.1 Converting TRAKER Data Into E
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Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
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Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
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a. b. Figure 4-1. Map of TRAKER Str
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egressions, R 2 and P-values are al
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Summer - Ada - Rural Summer - Ada -
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The average emissions factor is 6.7
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Figure 4-5. TRAKER Loop 4.3.1 Tempo
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weeks prior to being swept. While t
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4.3.2 Meteorological Effects on Unp
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Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Figur
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Figure 4-13. Johnston HSD mechanica
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Approximately 8 hours after the ini
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One-second emissions potentials (i.
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5. EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR THE TR
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where E i.10 is the emissions in gr
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County Setting Road Class Speed (m/
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January, February, and March were u
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5.1.3.2a January 1 - 9, 2000, 2010,
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Table 5-9 Precipitation and snow co
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complete link-level emissions inven
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Table 5-14. Distributions of averag
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Taken on an average annual basis, T
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Z n , K zn , ? c/ ? z n Z 3 , K z3
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Table 6-1. Aerodynamic particle siz
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14 m 0 s 15 s 30 s 60 s 120 s 240 s
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Furthermore, the vertical profile o
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?? Sieving each sample to obtain a
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7-4 Table 7-1. Source Profile Key M
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Table 6-1 (continued). Table of geo
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Treasure Valley Road Dust Winter Pa
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7.3 Source Profile Summary This a p
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Table 7-4. Source profiles of Summe
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Table 7-6. Source profiles of Winte
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Bliss experiments were significant
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section was swept with a vacuum swe
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8.3 Differences Between Emissions M
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determine at this time what fractio
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sweepers to reduce PM 10 emissions
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McMahon T.A., and P.J. Denison (197
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Figure A-1. Map of Sample Collectio
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Table A-2. Summer 2001 Silt Samplin
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Table A-3. Laboratory Silt Analysis
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Figure A-3. Map of Silt Loading Loc
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Table A-10. Laboratory Silt Analysi
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Figure A-11. Sampling locations of
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APPENDIX B. BOISE PRECIPITATION AND
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Pecentile among days with precipita
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A.1 Wind speed The cumulative frequ
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APPENDIX C : EMISSIONS INVENTORIES:
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C.1.1.2a Field List for worksheets
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values specified by AP-42 and do no
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