treasure valley road dust study: final report - ResearchGate

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1.2 1 Left Diluted Right Diluted Precision Fractional Line Loss 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.56 0.72 0.92 1.16 1.44 2.04 2.88 3.95 5.59 7.21 9.87 13.96 19.75 28.22 40.31 Aerodynamic Particle Size (um) Figure 3-13. Combined dilution and line losses associated with each of the particle sizes measured by the GRIMM PSA and collocated instrument precision for diluted TRAKER right and left inlets. 1.2 1.0 Fractional Line Loss 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.56 0.72 0.92 1.16 1.44 2.04 2.88 3.95 5.59 7.21 9.87 13.96 19.75 28.22 40.31 DT_PM2.5 DT_PM10 Aerodynamic Particle Size (um) Figure 3-14. Average fractional dilution and line loss for left and right TRAKER inlet lines when dilution system is in use. 3.3.4 Speed Tests Experiments were conducted to determine the variation of the TRAKER signal with vehicle speed. Tests were conducted on paved roads at the Fort Bliss Military Base near El Paso, Texas and on South Cloverdale Lane in Boise Idaho. At Fort Bliss, a 1200 m section of road was traveled in the northbound direction. Three passes were run at the speeds (5, 9, 14, 19, 24, and 29 mps or equivalently 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mph) for a total of 18 passes. The differential between the tire and the background monitors was averaged over each pass based on the start and stop times of the run. The measurements of 3-14
PM 10 and PM 2.5 by DustTrak and particle counts per size bin were averaged for the left and right inlets. In the Treasure Valley, a 440 m section of road was selected for testing. Passes were run over the same range of speeds as in Fort Bliss tests. The same lane of travel was surveyed with the vehicle traveling in both northbound and southbound directions. Using this approach, both the left and right inlets sampled the same tracks on the road. Values were averaged over each pass. The resulting values from both sets of tests were regressed against the vehicle speed using a power function: T * b T ? TB ? T s ( 2 ) where T T is the aerosol concentration at the vehicle tire, T B is the background aerosol concentration at the bumper inlet, and s is the speed of the vehicle. The parameters T * and b were iteratively calculated by minimizing the least squares error between the observed and predicted values. Figure 3-15 shows the example of the regression for DustTrak PM 10 measurements from the Treasure Valley speed tests. In this example, speed explains 97% of the variability of the average measurement from each vehicle pass. The remaining measured parameters (i.e. PM 2.5 , and particle counts for each size bin) were also regressed against vehicle speed. The exponents of these regressions and the percentage of variance explained by the speed term are shown in Table 3-2. Note that T * in Eq. (2) is a measure of the inherent “dirtiness” of the road. Figure 3-15. Relationship between differential Dustraks measurements and vehicle speed for tests conducted on a common road section in the Treasure Valley, Idaho. R 2 = 0.97. 3-15
Page 1: TREASURE VALLEY ROAD DUST STUDY: FI
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Idaho Departm
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..
Page 9: 6.3 DISCUSSION ....................
Page 12 and 13: are strongly correlated and that on
Page 14 and 15: Figure 4-17. Map of street sweeper
Page 16 and 17: xvi
Page 18 and 19: Table 5-3. Speeds and VKT by county
Page 20 and 21: Table A-28. Laboratory Silt Analysi
Page 22 and 23: ?? To assess the impact of winterti
Page 25 and 26: 2. SILT MEASUREMENTS For this study
Page 27 and 28: vehicle tires. The lengths of the s
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2-1. Map of Sample Collectio
Page 31 and 32: Table 2-5 Silt Content and Silt Loa
Page 33: collectors. In contrast, summer sil
Page 36 and 37: 3.2 TRAKER Measurements For the TVR
Page 38 and 39: introduced by the carbon vanes insi
Page 40 and 41: 3.2.4.1 Data Acquisition The TRAKER
Page 42 and 43: Figure 3-6 shows the TRAKER coeffic
Page 44 and 45: 250 200 PM2.5 signal (mg/m 3 ) 150
Page 46 and 47: Line losses associated with the Dus
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-2. Regression exponents for
Page 52 and 53: 3.4.2 Flux Calculation from Meteoro
Page 54 and 55: 12.2 m 0.16 9.0 m 0.05 5.7 m 0.22 4
Page 56 and 57: 400 Ford Ranger on NS Road by DW1 4
Page 58 and 59: ceiling can be further stretched to
Page 60 and 61: 100 sL = 2.5717(T*) 0.4741 R 2 = 0.
Page 62 and 63: 4.1.1 Converting TRAKER Data Into E
Page 64 and 65: Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
Page 66 and 67: Table 4-1. (cont) GIS coverages use
Page 68 and 69: a. b. Figure 4-1. Map of TRAKER Str
Page 70 and 71: egressions, R 2 and P-values are al
Page 72 and 73: Summer - Ada - Rural Summer - Ada -
Page 74 and 75: The average emissions factor is 6.7
Page 76 and 77: Figure 4-5. TRAKER Loop 4.3.1 Tempo
Page 78 and 79: weeks prior to being swept. While t
Page 80 and 81: 4.3.2 Meteorological Effects on Unp
Page 82 and 83: Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Figur
Page 84 and 85: Figure 4-13. Johnston HSD mechanica
Page 86 and 87: Approximately 8 hours after the ini
Page 88 and 89: One-second emissions potentials (i.
Page 91 and 92: 5. EMISSIONS INVENTORIES FOR THE TR
Page 93 and 94: where E i.10 is the emissions in gr
Page 95 and 96: County Setting Road Class Speed (m/
Page 97 and 98: January, February, and March were u
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5.1.3.2a January 1 - 9, 2000, 2010,
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Table 5-9 Precipitation and snow co
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complete link-level emissions inven
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Table 5-14. Distributions of averag
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Taken on an average annual basis, T
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Z n , K zn , ? c/ ? z n Z 3 , K z3
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Table 6-1. Aerodynamic particle siz
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14 m 0 s 15 s 30 s 60 s 120 s 240 s
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Furthermore, the vertical profile o
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?? Sieving each sample to obtain a
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7-4 Table 7-1. Source Profile Key M
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Table 6-1 (continued). Table of geo
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Treasure Valley Road Dust Winter Pa
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7.3 Source Profile Summary This a p
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Table 7-4. Source profiles of Summe
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Table 7-6. Source profiles of Winte
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Bliss experiments were significant
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section was swept with a vacuum swe
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8.3 Differences Between Emissions M
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determine at this time what fractio
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sweepers to reduce PM 10 emissions
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McMahon T.A., and P.J. Denison (197
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Figure A-1. Map of Sample Collectio
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Table A-2. Summer 2001 Silt Samplin
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Table A-3. Laboratory Silt Analysis
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Figure A-3. Map of Silt Loading Loc
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Table A-10. Laboratory Silt Analysi
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Figure A-11. Sampling locations of
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APPENDIX B. BOISE PRECIPITATION AND
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Pecentile among days with precipita
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A.1 Wind speed The cumulative frequ
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APPENDIX C : EMISSIONS INVENTORIES:
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C.1.1.2a Field List for worksheets
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values specified by AP-42 and do no
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