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92 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices Figure 6-2. Typical high energy capacitor-type ignition system. The low voltage charge in the storage capacitor is not sufficient to bridge the gap across the spark plug electrodes until the path is provided by the very high voltage, high tension discharge. Therefore the high tension capacitor discharges first to bridge the gap across the electrodes of the spark plug and reduce the resistance to the low tension discharge. The low tension capacitor then discharges providing a long, hot spark. One of the drawbacks to this system is that the leads from the ignition exciter to the spark plugs must be shielded, heavy duty, leads. By contrast the low tension ignition system does not have a high tension transformer, high tension capacitor, or high voltage leads. However, it does have a semiconductive surface in direct contact with the center electrode and ground shell of the igniter plug. This semiconductor is shown schematically as the resistor in Figure 6-3. The initial flow of current bridges the gap between the center electrode and the ground shell to reduce resistance to the low tension discharge. Due to its lower voltages, the low tension system can use smaller, lighter, ignition cables. The inductive ignition system (Figure 6-4) utilizes a rapid variation in magnetic flux in an inductive coil to generate the high energy required for the spark. While this system produces a high frequency, high voltage spark, the spark energy is relatively low. This system is small, light, and less expensive, but it is only suitable for use with easily ignitable fuels. And, the spark igniter is more prone to fouling from moisture and carbon build-up.
Accessories 93 Figure 6-3. Typical low energy capacitor-type ignition system. Figure 6-4. DC inductive-type ignition system. Spark Plug Because the high energy current causes rapid erosion of the igniter plug, it is advisable not to operate the ignition system any longer than necessary to insure ignition. However, this same high energy helps eliminate fouling. Ignitor plugs are of the annular-gap type and the constrained-gap type (Figure 6-5). The annular-gap plug projects slightly into the combustor, while the constrained-gap plug can be positioned in the plane of the combustor liner, and therefore operate in a cooler environment. There is more flexibility in positioning the constrained-gap plug because its spark jumps in an arc from the electrode. This carries the spark into the combustion chamber.
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Contents PREFACE ..................
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Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
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Preface to the Third Edition The ne
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Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
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2 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
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Figure 2-3. Courtesy of United Tech
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Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
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5. Weather Hood Material __________
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Appendix C-6 Air/Oil Cooler Specifi
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9. Drive Requirements A. Hydraulic
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22. Packaging For Shipment Per Spec
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Parameters Units NH 3 CO H 2 CH 4 C
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.055 Parameters Units 1/0 .88/.12 .
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Koppers Foster Blue Coal Gas Winkle
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