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132 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices
Table 9-1.
NATURAL & MAN-MADE SOURCES OF
ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINANTS
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Emission Natural- Man-Made Ratio Natural/
kg/yr - kg/yr Man Made
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Hydrocarbons 1 159 × 10 9 24 × 10 9 6
Carbon Monoxide 2 3.2 × 10 12 0.24 × 10 12 13
Sulfur Oxides 1,3,4 415 × 10 9 139 × 10 9 3
Nitrogen Oxides 5,6 45 × 10 10 4.5 × 10
10 10
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Table 9-2.
GAS TURBINE E XHAUST PRODUCTS FROM
HYDROCARBON FUEL COMBUSTION IN DRY AIR
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% BY
CONSTITUENT WEIGHT REMARKS
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N 2
- Nitrogen 74.16 Mostly inert, from atmosphere
O 2
- Oxygen 16.47 From excess air
CO 2
- Carbon Dioxide 5.47 Product of complete combustion
H 2
O - Water 2.34 Product of complete combustion
A - Argon 1.26 Inert, from atmosphere
UHC - Unburned trace Product of incomplete combustion
Hydrocarbons
CO - Carbon Monoxide trace Product of incomplete combustion
NO x
- Oxides of Nitrogen trace
• Thermal From fixation of atmospheric N 2
• Organic From fuel bound nitrogen
SO x
- Oxides of Sulfur
From Sulfur in fuel
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A look at how pollution is created in the combustion process
leads us to an understanding of how to control or eliminate it at the
source.