o_191ln0gpf9pgfdj4601afj5gva.pdf

Recommendations

Info

106 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices Table 7-1. ———————————————————————————————— PARAMETER SYMBOL ———————————————————————————————— Ambient Air Temperature T am ———————————————————————————————— Ambient Air Pressure (Barometer) P am ———————————————————————————————— Inlet Air Pressure P 1 ———————————————————————————————— Exhaust Total Pressure P t5 OR P t7 ———————————————————————————————— N 1 (RPM) N 1 ———————————————————————————————— N 2 (RPM) a dual spool N 2 ———————————————————————————————— N 3 (RPM) power turbine N 3 ———————————————————————————————— Exhaust Gas Temperature EGT ———————————————————————————————— Fuel Flow W f ———————————————————————————————— Power Output (Electric Generator) MW ———————————————————————————————— Low Pressure Compressor Out Pressure (static) P S3 ———————————————————————————————— High Pressure Compressor Out Pressure (static) P S4 ———————————————————————————————— Vibration V ———————————————————————————————— erating speed is above the resonant frequency. The gas turbine as a dynamic, fuel consuming, power producing entity has a specific natural frequency, which is a combination of the frequencies of its components. Where the natural frequency of the shaft connecting the compressor and turbine may be at 250 Hz, and the natural frequency of the assembled compressor and turbine rotor may be at 25 Hz, the gas turbine, as an entity, may be at 1.5 Hz. Vibration measurements usually consist of amplitude (inches),
Parameter Characteristics 107 velocity (inches per second) and acceleration (inches per second per second or “g”). These measurements are taken with probes, such as seismic probes that measure amplitude, proximity probes that measure primarily velocity, and acceleration probes or accelerometers that measure acceleration. By the use of integrating or differentiating circuits, amplitude, velocity or acceleration readouts are possible from any of the three probe types. However, more accurate information can be obtained from direct measurements using the proximity probe and accelerometer. Typical sources of vibration that are usually found in a gas turbine package are depicted on a real time spectrographic plot (Figure 7-1). Note that rotor imbalance is seen predominantly at the running speed, whereas misalignment can be seen at two times the running speed and is seen on readouts from both the horizontal or vertical probe and the axial probe. Looseness due to excessive clearances in the bearing or bearing support is also seen at two times speed, except the axial probe does not show any excursions. Hydrodynamic journal bearing oil whirl is seen at 0.42 running speed and is both violent and sporadic. Very close to that, at 0.5 running speed, is baseplate resonance. Note that baseplate resonance is picked up predominantly on the vertical probe. Gear noise is seen at running speed times the number of gear teeth. Amplitude is not the best criteria to judge excessive or acceptable vibration since a high amplitude for a low rpm machine might be acceptable whereas that same amplitude for a high rpm machine would not be acceptable. These same guidelines apply to the lube oil and fuel supply systems. Pumps and motors exhibit the same relative indicators of unbalance. Even the piping of the lube oil and fuel forwarding systems have their own unique natural frequencies. VIBRATION MEASUREMENT A seismic probe, which consists of a spring mass system, is primarily used where the frequency measured is well below the machine’s natural frequency and that of the spring-mass system. A proximity probe, which is mounted on the equipment case, measures the relative movement of the shaft to the case. Proximity probes are used where the frequency measured is well below the machine’s natural frequency.
Page 2 and 3:
Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
Page 4 and 5:
Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
Page 6 and 7:
Dedication This book is dedicated t
Page 8 and 9:
Contents PREFACE ..................
Page 10 and 11:
Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
Page 12 and 13:
Preface to the Third Edition The ne
Page 14 and 15:
Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
Page 16 and 17:
2 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Figure 2-3. Courtesy of United Tech
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
This page intentionally left blank
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71: 56 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
Page 90 and 91: Figure 5-4. Courtesy of United Tech
Page 114 and 115: 100 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principle
Page 128 and 129: This page intentionally left blank
Page 130 and 131: Chart 8-1 Gas Turbine Environments
Page 170 and 171:
156 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principle
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Figure 15-4. Corinth Motor Oil Refi
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
5. Weather Hood Material __________
Page 372 and 373:
Appendix C-6 Air/Oil Cooler Specifi
Page 374 and 375:
9. Drive Requirements A. Hydraulic
Page 376 and 377:
22. Packaging For Shipment Per Spec
Page 378 and 379:
Parameters Units NH 3 CO H 2 CH 4 C
Page 380 and 381:
.055 Parameters Units 1/0 .88/.12 .
Page 382 and 383:
Koppers Foster Blue Coal Gas Winkle
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
show all

o_191ln0gpf9pgfdj4601afj5gva.pdf

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?