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280 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices
Figure 18-1. Courtesy of United Technology Corporation, Pratt &
Whitney Aircraft. The F 135 propulsion system team consists of Pratt &
Whitney, the prime contractor with responsibility for the main engine
and system integration; Rolls Royce, providing lift components for the
STOVL F 35B aircraft, and Hamilton Standard, provider of the F 135
control system, external accessories and gearbox.
and efficiency—are new, others are not. The integration of technologies
[such as, combined cycle (reference Case Study #2), inlet air cooling
(reference Case Study #3), compressor inter-cooling, water or steam
injection, recuperators and the use of water or steam to internally cool
turbine airfoils] to enhance gas turbine performance and output is
more than a century old. With the rapid improvements in gas turbine
technology brought about by the war effort sixty years ago, these power
and efficiency improvement techniques were set aside. Now their time
has come—again!
Advances achieved in aircraft engine technology (such as; airfoil
loading, single crystal airfoils, and thermal barrier coatings) have
been transferred to the industrial gas turbine. Improvement in power
output and efficiency rests on increases in airfoil loading and turbine
inlet temperature. The union of ceramics and superalloys will provide