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Chart 8-1 Gas Turbine Environments ——————————————————————————————————————————————————— ENVIRONMENT RURAL COASTAL LARGE CITES INDUSTRIAL DESERTS TROPICAL ARCTIC MOBILE COUNTRY AND (POWER STATIONS AREAS (SAND STORMS, INSTALLATIONS SIDE PLATFORM CHEMICAL PLANTS) (STEEL WORKS, DUSTY GROUND) PETRO-CHEM. MINING) ——————————————————————————————————————————————————— WEATHER DRY AND SUNNY, DRY AND SUNNY, DRY AND SUNNY, RAIN DRY AND SUNNY, RAIN LONG, DRY, SUNNY, HIGH HUMIDITY HEAVY SNOW All POSSIBLE CONDITIONS RAIN, SNOW, RAIN, SNOW, SEA SHOW, HAIL STONES, SNOW, HAIL STONES, SPELLS; HIGH WINDS; TROPICAL RAIN HIGH WINDS, WEATHER FOG MIST, FREEZING SMOG SMOG SAND AND DUST INSECT AND ICING CONDITIONS CONDITIONS FOG IN WINTER STORMS; MOSQUITO SWARMS INSECT SWARMS IN SOME RAIN SUMMERTIME IN SOME AREAS ——————————————————————————————————————————————————— TEMPERATURE RANGE °F -4 to +86 –4 to +77 –4 to +95 –4 to +95 +23 to +113 +41 to +113 –40 to +41 –22 to +113 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————— TYPES OF DRY, NON- DRY, NON-EROSIVE SOOTY-OILY; SOOTY-OILY; EROSIVE; DRY, EROSIVE IN SAND NON-EROSIVE NON-EROSIVE DRY, EROSIVE, DUST EROSIVE BUT SALT PARTI- MAY BE EROSIVE, MAY BE CORROSIVE STORM AREAS; FINE MAY CAUSE SOOTY-OILY, CLES EXIST; ALSO CORROSIVE TALC-LIKE IN AREAS FOULING CORROSIVE CORROSIVE MIST OF NON-SAND STORMS, BUT DUSTY GROUND ——————————————————————————————————————————————————— DUST CONCENTRATION gr/1000 ft. 3 0.004-0.0436 0.004-0.0436 0.01-0.13 0.043-4.36 0.04-306 0.004-0.10 0.004-0.10 0.04-306 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————— PARTICLE 0.01 - 3.0 .01 - 3.0 .01 - 10.0 .01 - (50)* 1 - (500)** .01 - 10.0 .01 - 10.0 .01 - (500)*** SIZE Salt 5.0 ——————————————————————————————————————————————————— EFFECT ON MINIMAL CORROSION FOULING EROSION EROSION FOULING PLUGGING OF AIR FOULING G.T. SOMETIMES SOMETIMES CORROSION INTAKE SYSTEM EROSION CORROSION AND CORROSION AND WITH SNOW AND CORROSION FOULING FOULING ICE ——————————————————————————————————————————————————— * IN EMISSION AREAS OF CHIMNEYS ** DURING SEVERE SAND STORMS *** AT TRACK LEVEL AND/OR DURING DUST STORMS 116 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles and Practices
Gas Turbine Inlet Treatment 117 water to wet the evaporative cooler pads. In this case, the DI water would break down the bond in the evaporative cooler pads and the filter (assuming that the filters are downstream of the cooling flow) and reduce them to a mush-like substance. On the other hand, using water with a high calcium (C a ) or calcium carbonate (C a CO 3 ) content would result in calcium deposits throughout the compressor and the cooling passages of the turbine. Also, contaminant particle size varies within each area. For example, in a desert environment 50% of the contaminant consists of particles smaller than 1.5 microns (μm). The following details the size of contaminant and the major components: >5.0 μm dust, rain, fog, chemicals, minerals and metals 1-2 μm dust, salts, fog, soot, chemicals, minerals and metals 0.3-0.5 μm hydrocarbon emissions, smog. INLET AIR FILTERS Filter types and configurations should be selected on the basis of the environment in which they are expected to operate, the amount of maintenance available, and the degree of protection expected. Inertial Separators are available with and without dust removal capability (Figure 8-1). They are useful in areas where there is a significant level of contaminants above 25 microns. Prefilters provide a similar function as the inertial separator and their initial cost is considerably lower. Intermediate Filters, with and without viscous coating, help to extend the life of the high efficiency filter. Intermediate filters must be capable of capturing 30% or more of the target micron size of the problematic contamination in the environment. High Efficiency Filters must be capable of capturing in excess of 95% of the problematic contamination down to 1.0 micron. Prefilters, intermediate filters, and high efficiency filters are commonly available in the barrier or pad type configuration. These are usually 24 inch × 24 inch square with depths ranging from 6 inches to 24 inches (Figure 8-2). This configuration lends itself to stacked filters. That is the intermediate filter and the high efficiency filter elements may be mounted back to back. This is convenient and economical.
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles an
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Dedication This book is dedicated t
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Contents PREFACE ..................
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Chapter 13—BOROSCOPE INSPECTION .
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Preface to the Third Edition The ne
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Acknowledgments I wish to thank the
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2 Gas Turbine Handbook: Principles
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Appendix A-2 304 Gas Turbine Handbo
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5. Weather Hood Material __________
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Appendix C-6 Air/Oil Cooler Specifi
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9. Drive Requirements A. Hydraulic
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22. Packaging For Shipment Per Spec
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Parameters Units NH 3 CO H 2 CH 4 C
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.055 Parameters Units 1/0 .88/.12 .
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Koppers Foster Blue Coal Gas Winkle
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