Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association
Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association
Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association
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OPPORTUNITIES LOST: THE IMPACT OF GRADE REPETITION AND EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING<br />
Pre-primary education Primary education Secondary education<br />
REGION<br />
Country or territory<br />
Teaching staff<br />
Pupil-teacher ratio<br />
Teaching staff Pupilteacheteacher<br />
Teaching staff Pupil-<br />
Total Lower secondary Upper secondary<br />
ratio<br />
MF<br />
MF<br />
ratio MF<br />
MF<br />
MF<br />
Total<br />
(000) % F<br />
(000) % F<br />
(000) % F (000) % F (000) % F<br />
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)<br />
China, Hong Kong SAR 10 99 14 23 78 15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
China, Macao SAR 1 99 17 2 88 16 2 59 1 63 1 54 16 17 16<br />
Cook Islands 0.03 +1 97 +1 16 +1 0.1 +1 ... 16 +1 0.1 +1 57 +1 ... ... ... ... 14 +1 ... ...<br />
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Fiji ... ... ... 4 -2 55 -2 26 -2 5 -2 71 -2 3 -2 77 -2 2 -2 60 -2 19 -2 20 -2 17 -2<br />
Indonesia 340 -1 97 -1 12 -1 1,900 60 16 1,641 48 915 49 725 47 12 13 11<br />
Japan 109 ... 27 399 ... 18 614 ... 269 ... 344 ... 12 14 11<br />
Kiribati ... ... ... 1 -2 82 -2 25 -2 1 -2 48 -2 0.4 -2 51 -2 0.3 -2 42 -2 17 -2 17 -2 19 -2<br />
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 5 97 18 32 51 29 18 -2 44 -2 12 -2 44 -2 6 -2 46 -2 23 -2 22 -2 24 -2<br />
Malaysia 43 -1 97 -1 18 -1 226 -1 69 -1 13 -1 186 -1 67 -1 ... ... ... ... 14 -1 ... ...<br />
Marshall Islands ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.2 -1 ... ... ... 12 -1<br />
Micronesia (Federated States of) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Myanmar 9 97 17 182 84 28 84 85 60 86 24 83 34 36 28<br />
Nauru 0.04 -2 98 -2 16 -2 0.1 -2 93 -2 22 -2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
New Zealand 10 98 11 24 84 14 35 62 17 65 19 58 15 15 14<br />
Niue ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Palau ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Papua New Guinea ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Philippines ... ... ... 435 -1 90 -1 31 -1 194 -1 76 -1 136 -1 76 -1 59 -1 77 -1 35 -1 39 -1 25 -1<br />
Republic of Korea 31 -1 99 -1 17 -1 158 78 21 225 55 103 68 122 45 18 19 16<br />
Samoa 0.3 96 12 1 77 30 1 58 0.4 62 1 56 21 24 20<br />
Singapore ... ... ... 17 -1 81 -1 17 -1 16 -1 66 -1 7 -1 66 -1 8 -1 66 -1 15 -1 15 -1 15 -1<br />
Solomon Islands 1 -1 ... 15 -1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Thailand 102 +1 77 +1 27 +1 320 +1 59 +1 ... 246 +1 51 +1 129 +1 56 +1 117 +1 47 +1 20 +1 22 +1 18 +1<br />
Timor-Leste ... ... ... 8 40 30 4 29 2 30 2 27 23 26 20<br />
Tokelau ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Tonga ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Tuvalu ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Vanuatu 1 94 14 2 54 22 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Viet Nam 196 98 17 348 78 20 474 ... 314 69 160 ... 19 17 22<br />
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN<br />
Anguilla 0.04 100 10 0.1 93 14 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Antigua and Barbuda 0.3 100 ... 1 94 15 1 72 0.4 77 0.3 66 12 16 8<br />
Argentina 72 -2 96 -2 20 -2 289 -2 87 -2 16 -2 324 -2 68 -2 153 -2 73 -2 171 -2 65 -2 11 -2 14 -2 8 -2<br />
Aruba 0.1 98 20 1 84 17 1 59 ... ... ... ... 14 ... ...<br />
Bahamas ... ... ... 2 92 14 3 76 1 78 1 74 12 12 12<br />
Barbados 0.4 * 97 16 * 2 * 78 * 13 * ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Belize 0.4 98 17 2 73 22 2 60 1 62 1 56 17 18 14<br />
Bermuda ... ... ... 1 90 7 1 73 0.4 76 0.4 70 5 5 5<br />
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Brazil 384 97 18 762 91 22 1,413 67 794 71 619 61 17 18 15<br />
British Virgin Islands 0.1 -1 100 -1 13 -1 0.2 92 13 0.2 82 0.1 81 0.1 83 9 10 7<br />
Cayman Islands 0.1 -2 97 -2 9 -2 0.3 -2 88 -2 12 -2 0.4 -2 61 -2 ... ... ... ... 9 -2 ... ...<br />
Chile 33 -1 97 -1 12 -1 70 -1 78 -1 23 -1 68 -1 63 -1 25 -1 78 -1 44 -1 54 -1 22 -1 22 -1 22 -1<br />
Colombia 49 96 27 181 78 28 187 50 122 52 65 47 27 30 22<br />
Costa Rica 8 94 14 29 80 18 27 59 18 58 8 62 16 16 15<br />
Cuba 30 +1 100 +1 13 +1 91 +1 78 +1 9 +1 88 +1 55 +1 40 +1 62 +1 48 +1 50 +1 9 +1 10 +1 8 +1<br />
Dominica 0.1 100 14 1 87 16 1 69 0.3 71 0.2 66 13 15 11<br />
Dominican Republic 10 94 24 52 76 26 32 66 12 80 20 58 28 30 27<br />
Ecuador 19 ** , -2 ... 18 ** , -2 120 * , -1 63 * , -1 17 * , -1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
El Salvador 9 -1 68 -1 23 -1 31 -1 68 -1 31 -1 23 -1 68 -1 15 -1 68 -1 8 -1 68 -1 24 -1 25 -1 23 -1<br />
Grenada 0.2 100 14 1 79 16 1 62 ... ... ... ... 15 ... ...<br />
Guatemala 24 91 24 95 65 28 61 45 39 45 22 44 16 17 14<br />
Guyana 2 100 14 4 89 25 4 68 3 71 1 63 21 22 21<br />
Haiti ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Honduras 8 -2 94 -2 29 -2 38 -2 75 -2 33 -2 ... ... ... ... 18 -2 54 -2 ... ... 11 -2<br />
Jamaica 6 97 25 15 91 21 18 73 ... ... ... ... 15 ... ...<br />
Mexico 182 96 25 530 67 28 652 49 395 51 257 45 18 19 16<br />
Lower<br />
secondary<br />
Upper<br />
secondary<br />
119
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