Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association

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DEFINITIONS Net flow ratio of mobile students. Total number of tertiary students from abroad (inbound students) studying in a given country minus the number of students at the same level of education from that country studying abroad (outbound students), expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrolment in that country. Net intake rate (NIR). Total number of new entrants to the first grade of primary education who are of the theoretical primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the same age. New entrants. Pupils or students entering a given level of education, programme or grade for the first time. Orientation of educational programmes General education. Type of programme designed mainly to lead pupils to a deeper understanding of a subject or group of subjects, especially, but not necessarily to prepare pupils for further education at the same or higher level. These programmes are typically school-based and may contain vocational elements. Successful completion of these programmes may or may not lead to an academic qualification. However, they do not typically allow successful completers to enter a particular occupation, trade, or class of occupations or trades without further training. General education has a technical or vocational content of less than 25%, but pre-technical/pre-vocational programmes (i.e. programmes with a technical/vocational content of more than 25% that do not lead to a labour-market relevant technical or vocational qualification) are typically reported with general programmes. Technical and vocational education and training (TVET). Type of programme designed mainly to lead pupils to acquire the practical skills, know-how and understanding necessary for employment in a particular occupation or trade (or class of occupations or trades). Successful completion of such programmes normally leads to a labour-market relevant technical or vocational qualification recognised by the competent authorities (e.g. Ministry of <strong>Education</strong>, employers’ associations, etc.) in the country in which it is obtained. Out-of-school population. Total number of primary or lower secondary school-age children who are not enrolled in primary (ISCED 1) or secondary (ISCED 2 and 3) education. Percentage of female pupils. Total number of female pupils in a given level of education, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled at that level of education. Percentage of new entrants to primary education with ECCE experience. Total number of new entrants to primary education who have attended some form of organised Early Childhood Care and <strong>Education</strong> (ECCE) programmes, expressed as a percentage of the total number of new entrants to primary education. Percentage of private enrolment. Total number of pupils or students at a given level of education enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body (e.g. non-governmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise), expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils or students enrolled at the given level of education. Percentage of repeaters. Total number of pupils or students who are enrolled in the same grade as the previous year, expressed as a percentage of total enrolment in the given grade of education. 68
OPPORTUNITIES LOST: THE IMPACT OF GRADE REPETITION AND EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING Percentage of technical and vocational enrolment. Total number of pupils or students enrolled in technical and vocational programmes at a given level of education, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils or students enrolled in all programmes (technical/vocational and general) at that level. Percentage of trained teachers. Total number of teachers who have received the minimum organised teachertraining (pre-service or in service) required for teaching at the relevant level of education in a given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers at the given level of education. Pupil/teacher ratio. The average number of pupils per teacher at a given level of education, based on headcounts of both pupils and teachers. Purchasing power parity (PPP). The currency exchange rates that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. This means that a given sum of money, when converted into U.S. dollars at the PPP exchange rate (PPP dollars), will buy the same basket of goods and services in all countries. In other words, PPPs are the rates of currency conversion which eliminate the differences in price levels among countries. Thus, comparisons between countries reflect only differences in the volume of goods and services purchased. Regional average. Weighted averages for a region, taking into account the relative size of the relevant population of each country. The figures for countries with larger populations thus have a proportionately greater influence on the regional aggregates. The averages are derived from published data complemented by imputed values for missing countries. Imputations are based on publishable data for the same countries from previous and/ or following years. When imputing an indicator, information from related indicators is used to strengthen the imputation hypothesis. Repeater. Pupil enrolled in the same grade for a second or further year. School-age population. Population of the age group theoretically corresponding to a given level of education, as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration. School life expectancy. The number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. It is the sum of age-specific enrolment rates expressed as a percentage divided by 100, for the levels of education specified. Enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population and multiplied by the duration of the given level before being added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. School life expectancy net of repetition. The expected number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education, excluding years spent repeating a grade. It estimates the number of grades of schooling on average that a child will complete in his or her lifetime. Students Student/pupil. Pupil refers to a child enrolled in a basic educational programme; while pupils are always considered to be students, children, youth or adults enrolled at more advanced levels of education are more commonly referred to as students, and less often as pupils. Full-time students. Students engaged in an educational programme for a number of hours of study statutorily regarded as full-time at a particular level of education in a given country. 69
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Global education diGest 2012 INSTIT
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GLOBAL EDUCATION DIGEST 2012 Opport
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FOREWORD Each year the UNESCO Insti
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CONTENTS Foreword 3 Acknowledgement
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OPPORTUNITIES LOST: THE IMPACT OF G
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SECTION 1 / Policy design and imple
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Page 20 and 21: SECTION 2 / Learning achievement: D
Page 34 and 35: SECTION 3 EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING: LOS
Page 36 and 37: SECTION 3 / Early school leaving: L
Page 48 and 49: SECTION 4 / Monitoring education qu
Page 54 and 55: SECTION 5 THE COSTS OF SCHOOL FAILU
Page 56 and 57: SECTION 5 / The costs of school fai
Page 62 and 63: REFERENCES Belfield, Clive (2008).
Page 64 and 65: A N N E X A4 DEFINITIONS Adjusted n
Page 66 and 67: DEFINITIONS Educational institution
Page 68 and 69: DEFINITIONS Social science, busines
Page 72 and 73: DEFINITIONS Part-time students. Stu
Page 74 and 75: A N N E X B INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Page 76 and 77: A N N E X C REGIONS ARAB STATES (20
Page 78 and 79: A N N E X D ELECTRONIC RESOURCES UI
Page 80 and 81: READER’S GUIDE ii) UOE survey UNE
Page 82 and 83: READER’S GUIDE Population issues:
Page 84 and 85: A N N E X F STATISTICAL TABLES The
Page 87 and 88: OPPORTUNITIES LOST: THE IMPACT OF G
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Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association

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