Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association

DEFINITIONS
Social science, business and law:.social and behavioural science; journalism and information; business
and administration; law.
Services:.personal services; transport services; environmental protection; security services.
Basic programmes, literacy, numeracy and personal development – together with programmes for which
the field is unknown – are classified as “not known or unspecified”.
GDP per capita. The gross domestic product divided by mid-year population.
Gender parity index (GPI). The ratio of female-to-male values of a given indicator. A GPI of 1 indicates parity
between the sexes.
Graduate. A person who has successfully completed the final year of a level or sub-level of education. In
some countries, completion occurs as a result of passing an examination or a series of examinations. In other
countries, it occurs after a requisite number of course hours have been accumulated. Sometimes both types of
completion occur within a country. For countries participating in the joint UNESCO/OECD/Eurostat (UOE) survey,
graduations – instead of graduates – are used to calculate percentages by field of education (due to the UOE
instrument design). Graduations refer to the number of qualifications obtained during the reference period; each
qualification obtained counts as one graduation.
Gross domestic product (GDP). The sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy,
including distributive trades and transport, plus any product taxes, minus any subsidies not included in the value
of the products.
Gross enrolment ratio (GER). The number of pupils or students enrolled in a given level of education,
regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the theoretical age group for the same level of
education. For the tertiary level, the population used is the 5-year age group starting from the official secondary
school graduation age.
Gross entry ratio. Total number of new entrants to a given level, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage
of the population of theoretical entrance age to this level.
Gross graduation ratio. Total number of graduates, regardless of age, from a given level of education or
programme expressed as a percentage of the population at the theoretical graduation age for that level of
education or programme.
Gross intake ratio (GIR). Total number of new entrants to the first grade of primary education, regardless of
age, expressed as a percentage of the population at the official primary school entrance age.
Gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary. The total number of new entrants in the last grade of primary
education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of theoretical entrance age to the last
grade.
Gross national income (GNI). The sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy,
including distributive trades and transport, plus any product taxes, minus any subsidies not included in the value
of the products, plus net receipts of income from abroad. Since net receipts from abroad may be positive or
negative, it is possible for GNI to be greater or smaller than GDP.
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