Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association
Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association
Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association
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OPPORTUNITIES LOST: THE IMPACT OF GRADE REPETITION AND EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING<br />
School life expectancy (approximation method) in years<br />
Primary and secondary (ISCED 1-3) Tertiary (ISCED 5-6) Primary to tertiary (ISCED 1-6)<br />
MF M F GPI MF M F GPI MF M F GPI<br />
(9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20)<br />
11.7 ** , -1 11.7 ** , -1 11.7 ** , -1 1.00 ** , -1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
6.6 +1 7.0 +1 6.2 +1 0.88 +1 0.2 +1 0.3 +1 0.1 +1 0.48 +1 6.9 +1 7.4 +1 6.4 +1 0.86 +1<br />
11.2 ** 11.5 ** 10.8 ** 0.94 ** 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.54 11.3 ** 11.8 ** 10.9 ** 0.93 **<br />
10.2 ** 11.0 ** 9.4 ** 0.85 ** 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.81 10.9 ** 11.7 ** 9.9 ** 0.85 **<br />
11.8 11.5 12.0 1.04 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.29 12.7 12.4 13.1 1.06<br />
7.1 ** , +1 8.4 ** , +1 5.8 ** , +1 0.69 ** , +1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.32 6.8 ** 8.1 ** 5.5 ** 0.68 **<br />
7.3 8.8 5.7 0.64 0.1 ** 0.2 ** 0.03 ** 0.17 ** 7.4 ** 9.1 ** 5.7 ** 0.63 **<br />
... ... ... ... 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.74 ... ... ... ...<br />
... ... ... ... 0.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
7.9 8.9 6.9 0.77 0.3 -1 0.5 -1 0.1 -1 0.31 -1 8.5 ** , -1 9.8 ** , -1 7.2 ** , -1 0.73 ** , -1<br />
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
4.5 5.0 4.0 0.79 0.1 0.2 0.05 0.33 4.6 5.2 4.0 0.78<br />
8.4 ** 8.9 ** 7.8 ** 0.88 ** 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.36 8.7 ** 9.3 ** 8.0 ** 0.86 **<br />
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
8.3 ** 8.3 ** 8.2 ** 0.99 ** 0.2 -2 ... ... ... 8.7 ** , -2 ... ... ...<br />
10.8 ** , +1 11.0 ** , +1 10.5 ** , +1 0.96 ** , +1 0.6 +1 0.7 +1 0.5 +1 0.62 +1 11.4 ** , +1 11.8 ** , +1 11.0 ** , +1 0.94 ** , +1<br />
8.4 ** , -1 9.5 ** , -1 7.2 ** , -1 0.75 ** , -1 0.5 -2 0.8 -2 0.3 -2 0.33 -2 8.8 ** , -2 10.2 ** , -2 7.4 ** , -2 0.72 ** , -2<br />
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
10.8 ** , -1 11.1 ** , -1 10.5 ** , -1 0.95 ** , -1 0.2 -1 0.2 -1 0.2 -1 0.70 -1 11.1 ** , -1 11.4 ** , -1 10.7 ** , -1 0.94 ** , -1<br />
9.6 9.3 9.9 1.06 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
10.2 ** , -1 10.4 ** , -1 10.0 ** , -1 0.96 ** , -1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.87 10.4 ** , -1 10.7 ** , -1 10.2 ** , -1 0.96 ** , -1<br />
10.3 ** 10.3 ** 10.3 ** 1.01 ** 0.04 ** 0.05 ** 0.03 ** 0.61 ** 10.4 ** 10.4 ** 10.4 ** 1.00 **<br />
7.2 +1 7.9 +1 6.4 +1 0.82 +1 0.3 +1 0.5 +1 0.2 +1 0.46 +1 7.5 +1 8.3 +1 6.6 +1 0.80 +1<br />
12.2 ** 12.2 ** 12.2 ** 1.00 ** 1.2 ** , -2 1.1 ** , -2 1.4 ** , -2 1.24 ** , -2 13.6 ** , -2 13.4 ** , -2 13.8 ** , -2 1.03 ** , -2<br />
9.5 +1 10.0 +1 8.9 +1 0.89 +1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
... ... ... ... 0.5 -2 0.4 -2 0.6 -2 1.35 -2 ... ... ... ...<br />
4.8 ** 5.4 ** 4.3 ** 0.79 ** 0.1 +1 0.1 +1 0.04 +1 0.38 +1 4.9 ** 5.5 ** 4.3 ** 0.78 **<br />
7.7 ** 8.1 ** 7.2 ** 0.89 ** ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
10.7 +1 10.6 +1 10.9 +1 1.03 +1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.77 10.9 10.9 11.0 1.01<br />
11.2 ** , +1 11.1 ** , +1 11.3 ** , +1 1.02 ** , +1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.98 10.8 ** 10.8 ** 10.8 ** 1.00 **<br />
7.8 7.8 7.8 0.99 0.4 * 0.5 ** 0.3 ** 0.60 ** 8.2 * 8.3 ** 8.0 ** 0.97 **<br />
13.1 ** 12.8 ** 13.3 ** 1.04 ** . -2 . -2 . -2 . -2 14.3 -2 13.5 ** , -2 15.2 ** , -2 1.12 ** , -2<br />
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
11.8 ** , -1 11.8 ** , -1 11.8 ** , -1 0.99 ** , -1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
11.0 11.3 10.6 0.94 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
10.6 ** 10.7 ** 10.5 ** 0.98 ** 0.2 -1 0.2 -1 0.2 -1 0.79 -1 11.1 ** , -1 11.3 ** , -1 10.8 ** , -1 0.96 ** , -1<br />
... ... ... ... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.82 ... ... ... ...<br />
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...<br />
... ... ... ... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.80 ... ... ... ...<br />
REGIONAL AVERAGES<br />
10.1 ** 10.3 ** 9.9 ** 0.97 ** 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.07 11.5 ** 11.6 ** 11.3 ** 0.98 **<br />
9.8 ** 10.2 ** 9.4 ** 0.93 ** 1.2 ** 1.2 ** 1.2 ** 1.02 ** 11.0 ** 11.4 ** 10.6 ** 0.93 **<br />
10.8 ** 10.9 ** 10.7 ** 0.98 ** 3.2 ** 2.9 ** 3.6 ** 1.23 ** 14.0 ** 13.8 ** 14.2 ** 1.03 **<br />
10.8 10.9 10.7 0.98 1.2 ** 1.2 ** 1.3 ** 1.07 ** 12.5 ** 12.5 ** 12.4 ** 0.99 **<br />
10.7 10.5 10.8 1.02 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.05 12.2 12.0 12.3 1.03<br />
11.7 ** 11.6 ** 11.8 ** 1.02 ** 2.1 1.8 2.3 1.26 13.7 ** 13.4 ** 14.1 ** 1.05 **<br />
12.5 12.5 12.5 1.00 3.8 ** 3.3 ** 4.3 ** 1.33 ** 16.5 ** 16.0 ** 17.0 ** 1.07 **<br />
9.5 ** 9.7 ** 9.2 ** 0.94 ** 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.75 10.3 ** 10.7 ** 9.9 ** 0.93 **<br />
8.7 9.2 8.2 0.89 0.3 ** 0.4 ** 0.3 ** 0.61 ** 9.1 ** 9.7 ** 8.5 ** 0.88 **<br />
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