Global Education Digest 2012 - International Reading Association

OPPORTUNITIES LOST: THE IMPACT OF GRADE REPETITION AND EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING
Duration. The number of grades or years in a given level of education.
Early childhood care and education (ECCE). Programmes that, in addition to providing children with care,
offer a structured and purposeful set of learning activities either in a formal institution (pre-primary or ISCED 0)
or as part of a non-formal child development programme. ECCE programmes are typically designed for children
aged 3 years and over, occurring before primary education, and include organized learning activities that last on
average an equivalent of at least two hours per day and 100 days per year.
Education finance
Educational expenditure by nature of spending as a percentage of total educational expenditure
on public institutions, by level. Spending by nature (salaries, other current, total current or capital)
expressed as a percentage of the expenditure for public educational institutions of the specified level of
education. Salaries and other current expenditure add up to total current expenditure. Public subsidies to
the private sector and administrative costs are excluded.
Public expenditure per pupil or student by level as a percentage of GDP per capita. Total public
expenditure per pupil or student in the specified level of education expressed as a percentage of GDP per
capita.
Total public expenditure per pupil or student by level (PPP US$). Total public expenditure per pupil or
student in the specified level of education expressed in U.S. dollars and adjusted in terms of purchasing
power parity (PPP).
Total expenditure on educational institutions and educational administration as a percentage of
GDP, by source. Expenditure from public, private and international sources on educational institutions (i.e.,
schools, universities and similar instructional institutions) and administration at a given level of education,
expressed as a percentage of GDP. This indicator excludes public subsidies to the private sector. As a
consequence of this, data on public expenditure on educational institutions and educational administration
differ from total public expenditure on education.
Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP. Current and capital expenditure on
education by local, regional and national governments, including municipalities (household contributions
are excluded), expressed as a percentage of GDP.
Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of total government expenditure. Current
and capital expenditure on education by local, regional and national governments, including municipalities
(household contributions are excluded), expressed as a percentage of total government expenditure on all
sectors (including health, education, social services, etc.).
Educational attainment. The educational attainment of an individual is defined as the ISCED level
corresponding to the highest educational programme completed successfully.
Educational attainment of the population aged 25 years and older. Percentage distribution of the population
aged 25 years and older according to the highest level of education attained or completed with reference to
ISCED.
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