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Component Video: Analog component video connections used typically for DVD
players/recorders, HD-STB/PVRs, audio/video receivers, video switchers, D-VHS
VCRs, and HDTVs are:
a) 3-wire 75 ohm coax analog YPbPr (YCbCr is actually 'digital' component video, and
the nomenclature has been incorrectly used abroad for analog connections in
consumer equipment), and
b) 5-wire RGB BNC or VGA 15 pin D-sub, with the horizontal and vertical sync signals
separated from the other 3 signals. Component video connections do not carry
audio, for which separate audio connectors are required, such as digital coaxial and
optical (Toslink). Component video offers higher quality performance than
composite and even S-video, it bypasses the composite en/decoding process, and
color carrier frequency.
Composite Video: NTSC standard video connection (typically a yellow jack/plug)
for the passage of an interlaced video signal that has luminance (black and white
information), chrominance (color), sync (horizontal and vertical), blanking, and color
burst signals, all in one wire. The standard has been used also in VHS and laserdisc
equipment. Regardless of the type of connection (component, composite, S-video)
the use of gold plated jacks/plugs is known to offer better connectivity between
them.
Contrast: Range between the maximum and minimum values of brightness;
contrast ratio (CR) is a measurement obtained from the division of both. The
specification came from the same panel of experts that established the ANSI lumens
as the measurement of brightness in 1992 (under the American National Standards
Association). A ‘perceived’ CR measured from an image as viewed would differ from
the CR measured at the lens of the projection device (FPTV), and would differ from
the CR measured at the screen point.
Convergence: Alignment of the red, green, and blue CRT guns on a projected
display device (RPTV or FPTV). Using the convergence controls of the TV, the three
colors should overlap and display a white line on the crosshatch test pattern over the
entire surface of the image. Display devices using fixed pixel arrays (such as DLP
DMD chips) do not require convergence adjustments.
D/A: Digital to analog converter (the inverse conversion is also mentioned as A/D).
D-Sub: Name associated with the VGA connection with 15 pins for RGBHV signals.
DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite): Satellite system that distributes signals from
the satellite to the individual receivers, such as DirecTV, Dish Network, and Voom.
DCDi Processing: Created by Faroudja, the DCDi technique is an additional
improvement/upgrade to the 2-3 pull-down technique. It stands for Directional
Correlational Deinterlacing, which according to Faroudja, provides for error-free
deinterlacing of video originated sources such as sporting events. Reportedly, DCDi
produces smooth, natural images by eliminating the jagged edges than can be seen
on moving angled lines in video.
Decibel (dB): (One-tenth of a Bell, named after Alexander Graham Bell)
Logarithmic ratio used to measure power, sound pressure level, or voltage. A 3dB
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