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25th International Congress for Conservation Biology • Auckland, New Zealand • 5-9 December 2011 2011-12-06 14:45 Improving multicriteria rating systems for setting conservation priorities Maguire, LA*, Nicholas School, Duke University; Rating systems that combine multiple factors to prioritize which species or areas to protect first are ubiquitous in conservation science and practice. Even the most thoughtfully developed and widely used systems exhibit flaws that violate principles of multicriteria analysis. These flaws can lead to misguided recommendations for action and compromise the use of these systems to coordinate action among conservation institutions. Some common flaws include (1) omitting important factors that are hard to measure; (2) defining performance categories too vaguely for different users to produce consistent ratings; and (3) losing control over the weight accorded to each factor in composing the overall rating by (a) including multiple, overlapping metrics for factors where data are readily available, (b) assigning arbitrary maximum numbers of points to individual factors, and (c) using idiosyncratic algorithms for combining scores on individual factors to create an overall rating. An additional flaw common to many GIS-based rating systems is re-classifying results into equally populated categories (e.g., each containing one-tenth of the items rated), which precludes comparing ratings from different applications of the same system. Fortunately, many of these flaws can be corrected, or at least mitigated, with modest changes. This is important because many of these rating systems are deeply embedded in the cultures of conservation institutions and wholesale changes could be disruptive. 2011-12-08 11:02 A Compairing of two Different Population of [ Branchiopoda; Chirocephalus sp.] with Conservative Approach within Soulukli & Arneh Temporary Wetland NE Iran Mahmoud soufi*, Department of Environment and Energy Science and research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ; Bahram Zehzad, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Haji Gholi Kami, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Golestan, P. O. Box 49165, Gorgan, Iran.; Ali Turk Qashqae, Department of Environment and Energy Science and research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Mosa Ghorbani Orjanli, 4Department of Geological Sciences research of Iran; The worldwide loss of temporary waters threatens many branchiopod crustacean species. In many areas of the world, the diversity, species composition, and conservation status of large branchiopods remain largely unknown. Wetlands, currently covering less than 6% of the earth’s land surface, are being destroyed at an alarming rate worldwide although less well studied. fairy shrimp and other crustacean populations inhabiting temporary waters are declining worldwide Abiotic factors are often implicated in speciation events, a tentative compairing investigation was conducted on (march-june 2011) within Soulukli (1357m altitude) & Arneh (790m altitude) temporary wetland in the Golestan National Park northeast of Iran. Indeed we finde a new localities in Hyrcanian forest for the Genus of Chirocephalus sp. (specimens is now describing) these temporary habitats have an obviously differences in composition of invertebrate and macrophyte communities, particularly on populations, proportion of sexual rate and number of eggs in ovisac. But the actual impact of both abiotic and biotic factors on species diversity is not well understood. Given the large within pool population sizes, the biggest threats are likely to be due to habitat degradation and loss. Such temporary habitats before being discovered are locally destroyed. 2011-12-07 11:30 Empowering Citizens to Promote Conservation: The Florida Master Naturalist Program Main, MB*, University of Florida; Conservation goals cannot be achieved without public support, but people are unlikely to support efforts they don’t understand. Attempts to engage the public often take the form of dire warnings and requests for monetary support. Conservation education programs provide an additional strategy, one which educates public audiences about the environment around them, the plants and animals therein, and the ecological processes that support these while also providing important services to people. The Florida Master Naturalist Program (FMNP; www.MasterNaturalist.org) is a highly successful and self-supporting program that was developed to educate, inspire, and prepare public audiences to engage in conservation efforts and to educate and inspire others we may otherwise never reach. The FMNP operates on a collaborative strategy that currently includes 170 certified instructors from 90 organizations that issued 948 graduate certificates during 2010 and more than 6,000 since the program’s inception. The FMNP curriculum includes both natural history/conservation education and technique-oriented courses that prepare individuals to participate in citizenscientist monitoring programs. This presentation will describe the FMNP, strategies for curricula and instructor network development, administration of the program, and some examples of impacts and success stories associated with FMNP graduates. Attendees of this presentation will gain ideas and insights on how to develop public education programming that motivates and empowers graduates to engage in conservation and education efforts in their local communities and assist us to promote a stronger conservation ethic among the citizenry at large. 2011-12-07 15:15 Conservation Sucess, Communities and the Private Sector Mainka, Sue.*, IUCN; Carbone, Giulia, IUCN; Asante-owusu, Rachel, IUCN; The private sector is a major player in drivers of biodiversity change and also increasingly engaged with local communities to identify optimum means by which to achieve business results that still support biodiversity conservation. IUCN has engaged with several multinational businesses at several levels and using several different mechanisms to support better conservation outcomes. This presentation will summarize the sorts of engagements employed and the lessons learned from those efforts. 2011-12-08 15:00 Analysis of Climate Change Impacts to Marine Species Under the United States of America (US) Endangered Species Act (ESA) Maison, KA*, JIMAR/NOAA Fisheries; Opay, P, NOAA Fisheries ; The Protected Resources Division (PRD) of the Pacific Islands Regional Office (PIRO) of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is the lead for management and recovery of ESA-listed marine species in the Pacific Islands Region. Under multiple Sections of the ESA, PIRO PRD analyzes past, present, and future impacts of anthropogenic activities on listed species, including those related to climate change. Multiple levels of uncertainty in climate predictions, ecosystem impacts, and species adaptability make this challenging. PIRO PRD has recently analyzed potential impacts of climate change on sea turtles in Biological Opinions that analyze proposed government actions under Section 7 of the ESA. Additionally, we are evaluating global efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in connection with our review of a petition under Section 4 of the ESA to list 82 species of coral. Different levels of certainty exist in the literature as to currently observed and potential future impacts of climate change on different species. Our challenges and responses associated with incorporating climate change impacts into marine species management are presented. 2011-12-08 18:30 Monitoring Source Population of Tigers (Panther tigris tigris) in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh of Central Indian Landscape Majumder, A*, Wildlife Institute of India; Sankar, K, Wildlife Institute of India; Qureshi, Q, Wildlife Institute of India; Jhala,Y.V, Wildlife Institute of India; Monitoring large carnivore in a small reserve is really a challenging task for any manager. Between June 2006 and March 2011, thirty six pairs self triggered camera traps were deployed (area 200 km ²) to monitor source populations of tiger in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh,India. The estimated over all survivor rate (Robust design) was 0.64 (standard error or SE 0.07) and growth rate (Pradel model) was (-) 0.07 where as population of tigers (Mark Recapture method) for successive five years were 14 (SE 0.01), 13 (SE 0.04), 11.4 (SE 1.4), 10 (SE 0.6) and 12 (SE 0.5). Though estimated wild prey biomass (using line transect method) for tigers in this natural reserve, 6013 kg/km², is one of the highest in Indian sub-continent, the poor emigration rate (0.23±SE 0.09) and high cub-mortality (0.47±SE 0.01) might have governed the source population towards decline (as no poaching was so far recorded during the study period). One adult female, one adult male and two sub adult male tigers were radio-collared to understand their ranging pattern in this small reserve and estimated home ranges (Minimum Convex Polygon method) were 34 km², 30.4 km², 55 km² and 12.3 km² respectively during this period. The corridor connecting other major source populations with Pench, therefore need to be monitored for the long term 100
25th International Congress for Conservation Biology • Auckland, New Zealand • 5-9 December 2011 basis to maintain the viable populations of tigers in this landscape. 2011-12-07 14:52 An Integrated Ecosystem-Based Management Model for the Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand Makey, L J*, AUT University; Harding, D, Te Uri o Hau Settlement Trust; Breen, B, AUT University; Morrison, M, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA); The Kaipara Harbour is New Zealand’s largest estuarine ecosystem (947km2 with a catchment of 641,000 ha) and one of the largest in the world. It is also the most sacred treasure of the indigenous Māori people of the Kaipara region who are spiritually and physically intertwined with the Harbour. Combined with the diversity of species and habitats that the harbour contains, combined with increasing and conflicting resource use, this makes the Kaipara an ideal place to practice and test integrated ecosystem-based management (EBM). A comprehensive review of the EBM literature and theory revealed that in order to progress EBM in New Zealand, implementation must integrate and connect both traditional Māori knowledge of environmental management and western scientific knowledge. The primary focus of this doctoral research has been on developing a model of integrated EBM that addresses both indigenous Māori and western, pakeha, values held for the Kaipara Harbour; and apply tools (i.e., conservation assessments, GIS decision-support tools, local ecological and traditional knowledge, and spatial information technology) which recognise systematic planning principles, are defensible, scientifically sound, and offer a range of management scenarios for estuarine-marine biodiversity conservation and production. Some recommend outcomes are presented. 2011-12-07 16:58 Understanding invasion history and the eradication project of the Argentine ant in Japan Maki, Inoue*, National Institute for Environmental Studies; Koichi, Goka, National Institute for Environmental Studies; The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, has successfully spread from its native range in South America across much of the globe. A form of social structure, supercoloniality, whereby individuals from separate nests cooperate, is attributed to its successful worldwide expansion. The Argentine ant, first noted in 1993, is now found in several regions of Japan. Early detection as well as rapid control is required to prevent further expansion of the species. We attempted to demonstrate the genetic structure of introduced Argentine ant populations in Japan and how they relate to other introduced and native populations to understand its invasion history. We have just started the eradication project of the Argentine ant in the port of Tokyo, Japan. 2011-12-06 16:30 Impact assessment of dams on population dynamics of mahseer fishes (Tor species) in Yamuna river of Garhwal region, India Malik, D.S.*, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India; India is one of the mega-biodiversity countries in the world and occupies ninth position in term of fresh water mega-biodiversity. Nature has endowed as rich wealth of lentic and lotic aquatic ecosystem consisting rich freshwater fish diversity to Garhwal region of Indian subcontinent. The Yamuna river is the longest tributary of Ganga river ecosystem, provide a natural habitats for existing fish diversity of Himalayan region. The several dams have been constructed on different locations of major rivers in Garhwal region under the hydro-power generation program. These dams have generally resulted in negative impacts to native riverine fishes. The mahseer (Indian carp) as ‘Sport fish’ has been continue to be decimated by fragmented natural habitats due to damming the water flow in riverine system and categorized as threatened fishes of India. The present fish catch data has revealed that mahseer fishes (Tor tor and Tor putitora) were contributed about 32.5 %, 25.6 % and 18.2 % in upper, middle and lower riverine stretches of Yaumna river. The CPUE (catch per unit effort) of mahseer fishes also indicated about a sharp decline of fish biomass, changing growth pattern, sex ratio and maturity stages of fishes. Only 12.5 – 14.8 % mahseer female brooders have shown maturity phases in breeding months. The present status of mahseer fishery has attributed to the over exploitative nature in Yamuna river. The mahseer population is shrinking continuously in down streams of Yamuna river due to cumulative effects of various ecological stress. Mahseer conservation program should be implemented for enhancement of viable population size of mahseer species and restore the genetic loss of mahseer fish germplasm in Yamuna river of Garhwal Himalayan region. 2011-12-08 18:30 Genetic assessment of population decline in Wisconsin sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) Malone, KM*, Central Michigan University; Hull, SD, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; Swanson, BJ, Central Michigan University; Loss of genetic diversity is a major factor in extinction for small populations. Populations with high levels of genetic diversity are less likely to suffer the effects of inbreeding resulting from isolation and small population size. The sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) population in Wisconsin (WI), U.S.A has experienced a 50% decline since 1991. Because this population consists of several small, isolated subpopulations, inbreeding was identified as a possible threat to its persistence. We used 8 microsatellite loci to analyze genetic variation and gene flow in the WI subpopulations, as well as a contiguous population that spans throughout Nebraska, North and South Dakota, U.S.A, and which is considered demographically healthy. The WI subpopulations had lower allelic diversity (A=3.3), lower heterozygosity (H=0.34), and higher inbreeding (FIS=0.412) than the contiguous population (A=8.0; H=0.75; FIS=0.185). FST values were high in WI (0.25) compared to the contiguous populations (0.002), indicating relatively low levels of gene flow among WI subpopulations. We conclude that Wisconsin’s sharp-tailed grouse population is suffering from a lack of genetic diversity and reduced interpopulation dispersal that is not typical for this species and actions must be taken to ensure the long-term persistence of sharp-tailed grouse in this state. We suggest that birds be translocated between WI subpopulations in an effort to increase gene flow and alleviate inbreeding. 2011-12-08 11:30 Applying a project prioritisation protocol to conserve New Zealand threatened species Maloney, RF*, Department of Conservation; Davis, JP, Department of Conservation; Joseph, LN, Wildlife Conservation Society; O’Connor, SM, Department of Conservation; Possingham, H, University of Queensland; More than 2000 species are threatened or at risk of extinction in New Zealand, yet we directly manage less than 200 of these. Our ability to plan, adequately resource, monitor and report on outcomes for threatened species in need of management is limited by the size and complexity of the task, and in many cases, because of our uncertainty in our ability to achieve adequate results. We have developed and implemented a protocol that provides transparent and consistent plans. Prescriptions are made up by species experts, threat managers and local experts using best available data and their experience, and for each species the process took a few hours in total. Prescriptions had to meet an agreed objective to obtain the long-term persistence for each species, and described the exact locations in which fully-costed actions to mitigate named threats to target levels needed to occur. The prescriptions were then ranked on the basis of the four factors making up a prescription: cost, feasibility of actions, urgency, and an optional weighting to adjust for distinctiveness and representativeness values in a New Zealand context. The cost-efficiency ranking ensured that the greatest number of species could be managed for any given budget. We have now built prescriptions for all ~650 threatened and at risk species that are currently in decline in New Zealand, and we are applying it to the Department of Conservation’s threatened species budget which is targeted at securing the long-term persistence of threatened species. We will discuss the benefits in using this protocol for achieving significantly greater conservation gains threatened species management. 2011-12-09 14:15 Identifying Trade-offs Between Management for Palm Harvest and Livestock Grazing and Conservation of Plant Diversity in the Western Ghats, India Mandle, Lisa*, Botany Department and Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa; Ticktin, Tamara, Botany Department and Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa; Much of the world’s remaining terrestrial biodiversity exists in humanmanaged tropical ecosystems. Understanding the effects of management 101
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Index Benini, Rubens 42 Beniston, M
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Index DeWan, Amielle 14 Dianne Brun
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Index Hilborn, Ray 27 Hill, CM 176
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Index Loutit, R. 116 Louwe Kooijman
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Index Ottewell, K 81 Overton, J 61,
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Index Sequeira, Ana 151 Serebryakov
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Index Winandy, L 181 Winner, J. 112
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