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25th International Congress for Conservation Biology • Auckland, New Zealand • 5-9 December 2011 improved by as much as 30%, fish catches increased, communities’ adaptive capacity enhanced, knowledge and attitudes improved and a sense of ocean stewardship, ownership and pride being restored back into communities. CBAM have also transformed decision making for customary marine areas from a more traditional, autocratic style to a more participatory and democratic process of governance. In addition, social learning motivated by the CBAM approach is clearly evident in the adaptive measures implemented by communities and in policies and legislation put in place by provinces and the national government. In conclusion, the Fiji study revealed that CBAM leads to improvement in the livelihoods of the people in all sorts of ways, both anticipated and unanticipated. advantages, the project “Sustainable use and marketing of butterflies in the ANMI Cotapata, worked with aspects of the biology of the specie Actinote negra demonica (Family: Acreidae), such as: survival and mortality rates, time of development, growth rate, and behavior, in laboratory condition and field. Very high mortality was observed in both cases, 70 % for early larval stages, because they are very sensitive to laboratory conditions, and 94% in the field. The development time from egg to adult was estimated in 30 and 40 days (laboratory and field respectively). Females deposit up to 160 eggs on the underside of the leaves of the host plant (Munnozia hastifolia) at 1 to 2 m. height. Finally, the technique and recommendations of work were forwarded to the producers of the species to its proper management. 2011-12-08 18:30 Measuring reproductive success in a nocturnal and secretive species: A novel approach for little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii) Taylor, HR*, Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria Univesity of Wellington; Species existing in small, isolated populations with a history of bottlenecks are prone to inbreeding depression, which could affect their long term viability. Once widespread throughout New Zealand, the little spotted kiwi is now just such a species, exhibiting perhaps the lowest genetic diversity of any of the five extant species of kiwi. As a result, the investigation of impacts of past bottlenecks on little spotted kiwi has been cited as a priority action by the New Zealand Department of Conservation. For the 2011/2012 breeding season, a total of 30 adult male birds have been fitted with specially designed radio tags loaded with a bespoke “chick timer” program to investigate levels of reproductive success in two populations with different founding histories. Modifications to tag design and software programming, combined with a tag change halfway through the reproductive season, sufficiently extended radio tag battery life for the duration of the season. This is the first time this software has been used in this species and the technique has facilitated the collection of novel data on activity patterns and nest abandonment in little spotted kiwi without the need for direct observation. The information gathered using this method will provide new estimates of population growth rates and inform decisions on future translocations of individuals. It will also provide insight into the effects of inbreeding in wild populations and its impact on species recovery. 2011-12-07 16:34 Using ancestral and contemporary DNA in Peary caribou to examine the relative loss of microsatellite and Mhc variation following population bottlenecks Taylor, Sabrina S.*, Louisiana State University; Jenkins, Debbie, Dept. of the Environment, Baffin Region; Arcese, Peter, University of British Columbia; Scientists generally use neutral sequences of DNA to estimate genetic variation in endangered species. However, neutral sequences may not reliably indicate adaptability because they are unrelated to fitness by definition and may lose variation more rapidly than functional genes. This study uses threatened Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) samples to compare loss of genetic diversity at neutral and functional loci by comparing historical and contemporary DNA. Specifically, it: 1) tests if current levels of genetic variation in Peary caribou have been similarly or differentially reduced at neutral versus fitness loci as a consequence of population bottlenecks; and 2) provides data to recovery planning by identifying accurate methods to assess and manage genetic variation for threatened species generally. We report data comparing genetic variation at 8 microsatellite and one Mhc locus between Ellesmere Island historical samples (n ~ 30 samples) collected c. 1905 prior to population bottlenecks and contemporary samples (n ~ 50 samples) collected c. 2001 from post-bottleneck populations. 2011-12-08 18:30 Natural history and population characteristics of Actinote negra demonica (ORDER: LEPIDOPTERA); specie under commercial harvest in the National Park Tejeda Wendy*, Institute of Ecology; The sustainable management of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), is a good alternative for communities using of natural resources and promoting the conservation of tropical forests through the production and marketing of the species, decreasing the negative pressure over the forests for activities such as agriculture. The butterflies are sustainable for its abundance, diversity, space-time stability, and taxonomic group more studied. Recognizing these 2011-12-07 17:30 Relative roles of urban greenery and landscape variables in promoting bird and butterfly communities in Singapore Teo, S, Centre for Sustainable Asian Cities, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore; Chong, KY*, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore; Kurukulasuriya, BR, Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore; Chung, YF, Centre for Sustainable Asian Cities, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore; Tan, HTW, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore; With ever-growing urbanization, conservation ecologists can no longer focus their attention solely on intact ecosystems. In heavily human-modified sites such as cities, urban greenery plays a major role in mitigating the hostility of the built environment for wildlife. Studies on the effects of urban greenery have seldom investigated the relative roles of cultivated and spontaneous vegetation on promoting urban wildlife. We use bird and butterfly surveys and satellite-image derived urban landscape information to test the effects of cultivated tree, shrub, ground cover, spontaneous vegetation cover, road lane density, impervious cover, and building height on bird and butterfly species richness. Spontaneous vegetation cover trumps other forms of urban greenery in promoting bird and butterfly species richness, while road lane density had strong negative effects. No significant additional effects were found for impervious cover and building height. These preliminary findings suggest that pockets of natural and semi-natural areas are critical for maintenance of high biodiversity in urban areas, while traffic networks need to be carefully designed to reduce their impacts on urban wildlife. 2011-12-07 16:38 Individual Genetic Diversity does not Predict Ejaculate Quality in Captive- or Wild-Born Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) Terrell, KA*, Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), Front Royal, VA; Crosier, AE, Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), Front Royal, VA; Wildt, DE, Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), Front Royal, VA; O’Brien, SJ, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; David, VA, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; Anthony, NM, Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA ; Crumpler, N, Science Applications International Corporation, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD; Marker, LL, Cheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia; Johnson, WE; Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD Numbers of wild cheetahs have declined by ~90% over the last century and remaining populations are fragmented. This species is a frequentlycited example of inbreeding depression, having survived a Pleistocene population bottleneck and now experiencing high juvenile mortality, extreme disease susceptibility and poor ejaculate quality. Evidence in the puma (Puma concolor) suggests that continued inbreeding may exacerbate these problems and result in infertility. Our objective was to identify recent trends in genetic diversity and impacts on ejaculate quality among individual southern African cheetahs. Individual genetic diversity was estimated (n = 13 microsatellites) among males (n = 98) for which reproductive data (testes and semen volume; sperm concentration and morphology) were collected previously (1977 – 2009) by SCBI researchers. Cheetahs were wild-caught in Namibia, or captive-born at institutions in South Africa, North America or Europe. Analysis revealed that genetic diversity declined in wild-caught 166
25th International Congress for Conservation Biology • Auckland, New Zealand • 5-9 December 2011 cheetahs over the ~30 year period, but was maintained in captive-born individuals. Surprisingly, estimates of genetic diversity were not correlated to any reproductive metric. These data suggest a more complex link between felid ejaculate quality and inbreeding than previously identified. The continued loss of genetic diversity in wild-caught cheetahs is alarming, given that Namibia contains the world’s largest remaining population of this charismatic species. 2011-12-09 11:45 Communicating Salamander Science to Rural and Urban Audiences Terrell, KA*, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI); Sevin, J, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, SCBI; Murphy, J, National Zoological Park, SCBI; Bronikowski, E, National Zoological Park, SCBI; Evans, M, National Zoological Park, SCBI; Quintero, R, National Zoological Park, SCBI; Grant, EH, United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Dallalio, E, United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Gratwicke, B; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI) The Appalachian region is the world’s most diverse salamander hotspot and is home to 76 species representing more than a dozen genera. However, the vast majority of people living in this region are unaware of their unique biodiversity heritage. Because dozens of Appalachian salamanders are experiencing severe, enigmatic declines, there is an urgent need to increase society’s awareness and valuation of these remarkable species. The SCBI is uniquely positioned to be a leader in salamander conservation, with a research center located in the heart of Appalachia (Front Royal, VA) and a zoological park (NZP; Washington, DC) that engages nearly 3 million visitors each year. In addition to its rapidly-growing amphibian research program, SCBI is actively involved in new, creative strategies to engage rural and urban audiences in salamander conservation. These include handson, mobile salamander exhibits, the use of wildlife photography and social media, Citizen Science Bio-Blitz surveys, and the ongoing construction of an interactive salamander research laboratory at the NZP’s Reptile Discovery Center. Furthermore, our group works closely with federal and state agencies, not only to inform practitioners of scientific findings, but also to allow on-the-ground conservation needs to drive salamander research. The SCBI’s multifaceted salamander program provides an excellent model for efforts to engage diverse audiences in conservation science. 2011-12-08 18:30 Genetic diversity and patterns of inbreeding/ outbreeding in an isolated population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Fiordland, New Zealand Tezanos-Pinto, G.*, The University of Auckland; Steel, D, The University of Auckland, Oregon State University; Baker, CS, The University of Auckland, Oregon State University; A small, resident population of bottlenose dolphins in Fiordland, New Zealand, was recently classified as ‘critically endangered’ by the IUCN. This population is estimated to number less than 205 and thought to be isolated from the other two coastal populations in New Zealand. Here, we investigated differentiation among the three bottlenose dolphins populations in New Zealand, by analyzing mtDNA sequences and 11 nuclear microsatellite loci from skin biopsy samples (n=219). Additionally, we assessed the relative levels of genetic diversity of Fiordland by comparing values of allelic diversity, heterozygosity with other populations and investigated the extent of within-individual genetic diversity. Results confirmed genetic isolation among the three regional populations (microsatellite FST = 0.09; p
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Page 117 and 118: 25th International Congress for Con
Page 167: 25th International Congress for Con
Page 189 and 190: Index Benini, Rubens 42 Beniston, M
Page 191 and 192: Index DeWan, Amielle 14 Dianne Brun
Page 193 and 194: Index Hilborn, Ray 27 Hill, CM 176
Page 195 and 196: Index Loutit, R. 116 Louwe Kooijman
Page 197 and 198: Index Ottewell, K 81 Overton, J 61,
Page 199 and 200: Index Sequeira, Ana 151 Serebryakov
Page 201 and 202: Index Winandy, L 181 Winner, J. 112
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