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25th International Congress for Conservation Biology • Auckland, New Zealand • 5-9 December 2011 for a need to offset unavoidable ecological losses. In the US, tools arose to mitigate degradation of ecological resources (e.g. habitat restoration, wetland mitigation banking), and globally, the Kyoto protocol provided a pathway for addressing industrial atmospheric pollution. Mechanisms such as cap and trade combined with an age-old practice of tree farming have morphed into offsetting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through ecological restoration and preservation. At the World Heritage site of the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve, in South Africa, the SCB invested in restoration of Spekboom-rich Albany Thicket habitat to offset the carbon footprint of the 2007 ICCB. Field work teams were arranged and supplemented by government through a job creation program. Monitoring between 2008 and 2011 revealed planting survival at Baviaanskloof in the range of 50%, with some samples as high as 65% and some as low as 15%. These early results demonstrate how field practices can be adapted to optimize habitat recovery, and highlight critical land use challenges: how to manage herbivory and the broader biodiversity of the preserve areas. Evidence is shown that refining the site selection process can optimize carbon sequestration rates. 2011-12-09 14:30 Do stewardship payment programs work: designing monitoring programs to measure social and ecological impacts Adams, VM*, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; Pressey, RL, ef Studies, James Cook University; Stewardship programs are used increasingly to provide financial incentives for conservation on private lands. In the Daly River catchment, Northern Territory, there are several existing protected areas, however many species and ecosystems are inadequately protected and further reservation is unlikely. Therefore, to achieve conservation outcomes, a stewardship program that supports conservation management on private lands is being explored. The program would underwrite the cost difference between routine land management and additional requirements of conservation management, aiming to contribute to both biodiversity conservation and livelihoods. We initiated a pilot study to develop and test methods for documenting both the social and ecological impacts of conservation programs on private lands. With details of the program still being worked out, we used the pilot study to identify a baseline of biodiversity health without conservation management and social indicators across properties in the catchment. We discuss the social indicators measured and the potential implications for designing a matched comparison monitoring program to measure the outcomes on participating properties compared to similar non-participating properties. 2011-12-08 18:30 Bed habitat selection by wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Boroeeye wildlife sanctuary in Yazd province, Iran Aghanajafi zadeh, S*, Maybod branch, Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran; Naderi,G, Ardebil branch, Islamic Azad University,Ardebil, Iran; Heydari, F, Department of Environment, Khatam province, Yazd, Iran; Populations of wild boar present in semi-arid of central Iran. We studied features influencing bed site selection by this species in semi-arid central Iran. Habitat features of the detected bed site were compared with randomly selected by quantifying a number of habitat variables including cover percent and species of vegetation، height and vegetation patch in semi- arid area in Iran. The results revealed that was not any significant difference between presence and absence of animal (random site) in micro scale. This is the first ecological study of the wild boar in a wildlife Sanctuary of the semi Desert biome of Iran. Sustainability of wild boar populations in this area dependent to more study in macro scale and agriculture strategies. Key word: bed habitat selection, Wild boar ( Sus scrofa), Iran 2011-12-06 12:00 Engaging society in the design of conservation programmes Agni Boedhihartono*, James Cook University; Jeffrey Sayer, James Cook University; Conservationists often seek to “engage society” in “our” biodiversity agenda. They assume that people will support conservation if they understand what is at stake. In this paper we will argue that there is no single best way of achieving biodiversity objectives and that one of the major challenges is to identify those conservation approaches that will have broad appeal to stakeholders. This means that we engage with society in setting the agenda and not just in advocating solutions. Examples will be given of the use of participatory techniques to work with local stakeholders in poor tropical developing countries to find conservation approaches that will be consistent with the development aspirations of the poorer sectors of rural society. We give examples from work with Baka Pygmy people in the Congo Basin, Dayaks in remote areas of Borneo and the people in remote areas of Indonesian Papua. Such approaches will not necessarily maximise the area of pristine forests but may optimise biodiversity values in multi-functional forest landscapes. We believe that these approaches will have a greater probability of success than conventional approaches. Field surveys indicate high levels of biodiversity in areas subject to these approaches. 2011-12-07 18:00 Use of websites for engaging society in conservation Aguayo, Claudio*, Waikato University; Otrel-Cass, Kathrin, Waikato University; Eames, Chris, Waikato University; Engaging society in conservation requires understanding of conservation issues from local communities, and action competence for effective participation. To achieve these, literature emphasizes the role of education and the importance of access to meaningful information. Evidence suggests that new media technologies and the Internet can assist the learning process related to conservation, and promote positive attitudes and critical participation. Here, a theoretical framework for the development of websites for community education is presented, and a case study example of its application in a real conservation context in central Chile is reviewed. Preliminary findings from Chile stress the importance of three key conditions for the design of effective educational websites: (1) networking with local community and organizations; (2) understanding and addressing the sociocultural characteristics and needs of the target audience; and (3) using Web 2.0 features (e.g. Twitter and Facebook) for prompting social networking and interaction. Follow-up data on the use of the developed website will allow the assessment of its impact on the level of engagement of the local community in conservation. 2011-12-06 16:34 Underwater acoustic pollution: lethal and behavioural effects. Examples of society driven regulations. Aguilar, NA*, La Laguna University. Spain/ Univ. Auckland, NZ; Ocean acoustic pollution is growing. The main sources are shipping, explosions (construction and military activities), pile driving (harbours, offshore structures), seismic hydrocarbon/geological explorations, echo sounders (including military sonar) and marine mammal deterrents used in fisheries/aquiculture. Some sources, such as shipping, increase the background noise and can mask signals driving vital functions in marine fauna (e.g. socializing, prey/predator detection, larvae orientation towards settlement habitats, navigation, etc). Other sources can produce a range of behavioural and physiological effects. Lethal effects have been recorded at short distances from some intense sources, and also at long ranges, probably due to behavioural reactions. E.g. mass strandings of beaked whales related to exercises using tactic sonar and explosives. Strandings acted as key events arising reactions from the public and NGOs, backed up by scientists. This resulted in moratorias to naval sonar in some areas and calls for mitigation. There is some scientific evidence for the impact of seismics on marine fauna and fisheries. The public appeal and protection status of marine mammals led to development of mitigation for seismic activities. Some fishing associations are strongly claiming losses in captures due to seismic exploration. All this exemplifies that joined public claims and scientific basis are an effective tool to foster developing of mitigation for the activities of powerful social entities such as the military and large industries, at least in some cases. 2011-12-08 15:30 Community and social actors involvement in conservation on Mexican islands Aguirre-Muñoz, A*, Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C.; Rodríguez-Malagón, M., Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C.; Samaniego-Herrera, A., Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C.; Luna-Mendoza, L., Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C.; Ortiz-Alcaraz, A., Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C.; Méndez-Sánchez, F., Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C.; Félix-Lizárraga, M., Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C.; Latofski-Robles, M., Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C. A collective awareness about the value of the Mexican islands as national heritage has been unfolding during the past two decades. As a social construction, a collaborative approach between federal government agencies, 2
25th International Congress for Conservation Biology • Auckland, New Zealand • 5-9 December 2011 academic institutions, local communities and artisanal fishermen cooperatives, NGOs, as well as national and international donors has been the driving force. Mexican islands are seen as strategic territories for sovereignty, with a rich biodiversity, and as sites with potential for real sustainable development projects. Exercise of sovereignty is being strengthened through an increased presence of Mexican authorities on islands, and by legally protecting such territories. The presence of fishing co-operatives with longterm and exclusive fishing rights to valuable resources, such as abalone and lobster is also a way of exercising sovereignty. Artisanal fisheries around Mexican islands have been internationally recognized as successful examples of community-based governance and sustainable activities, achieving the first artisanal fisheries certification from the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). Regarding biodiversity, 49 successful eradications of invasive mammals have been conducted on 30 islands, where native and endemic species are already improving. Restoration of seabirds by means of social attraction techniques are being actively supported by local communities. Social analysis using micro-sociology methodologies shows that actors’ cohesiveness around island conservation and restoration activities and projects is getting stronger, adding strength to governance, formal policies and law enforcement. It is also possible to observe the advance of an articulate relationship between hands-on in the field conservation activities with the creation of new national strategies and overarching policy tools. 2011-12-09 14:45 Using citizen-reported data to predict invasive insect distributions Ahrné, Karin , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Ahlbäck, Lina, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Berggren, Åsa*, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; With ongoing climate change, insect species in many regions of the world are changing their distribution areas and may have significant impacts on the systems in which they establish (e.g. invasive species). Distribution models can project future scenarios and inform land managers as to where distributions are likely to be affected by climate change. However, the collection of species’ distribution data over large areas is costly, so modelling methods that are able to use low-cost information such as citizen-reported data are potentially very useful. In this study we used the program Maxent to model the potential geographical distribution of two exotic insect species in Sweden, the butterfly Araschnia levana and the beetle Graphosoma lineatum. The data were citizen-reported presence-only open-access data in combination with climate and land cover data from national databases. Our models showed that the variables most important in predicting the presence for A. levana were winter temperature followed by land cover data; where habitats related to open and dry grasslands were the best predictors. For G. lineatum the variables that best predicted where the species could be found were summer temperature and land cover data; where open green areas, in both urban and country areas was important. Our findings fit well with previous ecological knowledge of the species and can be used by managers to estimate potential distributions of these insects and decide on management options. The study also shows the value of utilizing public reports in conservation science as a way of gathering species information over large areas. 2011-12-06 16:45 The Case of the Trumped-up Corella: How Do Human Values Bias Wildlife Conservation? Ainsworth, GB*, Charles Darwin University; Aslin, HJ, Charles Darwin University; Garnett, ST, Charles Darwin University; Weston, MA, Deakin University; With a population of around 50 individuals left in the wild, Australia’s critically endangered Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema crysogaster) is on the brink of extinction despite being the subject of considerable conservation efforts for over two decades. It has also been the subject of much controversy and public attention. In contrast, some threatened species may recover while remaining in relative obscurity. How are threatened birds such as the Orange-bellied Parrot valued by society and how do these values affect strategies to conserve them? Value (‘relative worth, merit or importance’) cannot be observed directly but only through expression in the form of attitudes and behaviours. Socio-psychological techniques can be used to measure attitudes and behaviours and link them to underlying aesthetic, utilitarian, intrinsic and other values. Using several Australian threatened birds as a case study, our research aims to identify which values are held for similar sorts of threatened birds that have received contrasting investment. We discuss whose values count in threatened bird conservation, how those values influence conservation success and the role of values in communicating conservation to the broader community. 2011-12-06 10:30 Propagation of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) Taub. Using Tissue Culture Akinyele, A.O.*, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Maradesa, B.O., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Protocol was developed for regeneration of Tetrapleura tetraptera in vitro. T. tetraptera is a lowland tree of tropical Africa belonging to the family Mimosaceae. It serves as a dietary supplement rich in vitamins and used in pharmaceutical industries and as spice in food. The germplasm of this tree is under intense pressure leading to threat to their continued availability. This study was carried out to determine the appropriate combination of growth regulators for in vitro propagation of Tetrapleura tetraptera. Excised embryos from mature seeds were cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) and Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with Indole-3-Butyric Acid (0.1mg/l IBA), Kinetin (0.1-0.5mg/l KIN) and Benzyl amino purine (0.1- 0.5mg/l BAP). The experiment consists of 10 treatment combinations with control (no treatment). After 3 weeks, the regenerated plantlets were subcultured on the same combinations of MS and WPM medium as used before. WPM supplemented with 0.1 IBA + 0.2 KIN had shoot height of 7.6cm and highest number of nodes, 7 while MS supplemented with 0.1 IBA + 0.4 KIN had shoot length of 7.9cm and number of nodes 6. WPM is the most appropriate growth medium for regeneration of plantlets of T. tetraptera in vitro using embryo culture. 2011-12-08 18:30 Factors affecting the local occurrence of the nearthreatened bitterling (Tanakia lanceolata): strong attachment to its potential host mussels Akira Terui*, Dept of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Univ. of Tokyo; Shinichiro S Matsuzaki, National Institute for Environmental Studies; Kohji Kodama, Fukui Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station; Masamitsu Tada, Fukui Prefectural Coastal Nature Center; Izumi Washitani, Dept of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Univ. of Tokyo; Ecologically specialized species may be more susceptible to anthropogenic impacts than generalist species. Japan’s native bitterlings (subfamily Acheilognathinae), which are specialized to spawn on the gills of certain freshwater mussels, have been declining dramatically during the last few decades. To identify factors affecting the local occurrence of the threatened bitterling species Tanakia lanceolata, we measured its presence and absence, along with several environmental factors, at 68 sites within agricultural canal networks in the Lake Mikata basin, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Based on the theoretical information approach of Akaike’s information criterion, generalized linear mixed models were constructed. These revealed that the species’ occurrence is strongly affected by five major factors: the presence of freshwater mussels Anodonta sp., water depth, floating plants coverage, the presence of bullfrogs, and submerged plants coverage. The probability of the presence of T. lanceolata was higher at shallower sites with lower floating plants coverage, located within channels containing mussel beds. These results suggest that musselcontaining channel systems are high-priority conservation zones for T. lanceolata. 2011-12-08 18:30 The Liben Plain: Bird and Mammal Diversity Alazar Daka *, Addis Ababa University; Samson Zelleke, Addis Ababa University; Bruktawit Abdu, Addis Ababa University; The Liben plain, located in southeast Ethiopia, was well known for being one of the most productive pastures in Africa. It is the only home for the Liben Lark which is currently critically endangered mainly due to bush encroachment, permanent settlement and agricultural expansion. The project intends to quantify the biological value of the plains using birds and large mammals. Education programs were conducted in schools to help raise awareness and discussion grounds were facilitated to assist the restoration and sustainable use of the rangelands. Distance sampling was used in surveying the bird richness and abundance and questionnaires to know about the current and historical large mammal diversity. More 3
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Index Benini, Rubens 42 Beniston, M
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Index DeWan, Amielle 14 Dianne Brun
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Index Hilborn, Ray 27 Hill, CM 176
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Index Loutit, R. 116 Louwe Kooijman
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Index Ottewell, K 81 Overton, J 61,
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Index Sequeira, Ana 151 Serebryakov
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Index Winandy, L 181 Winner, J. 112
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