Distributed Renewable Energy Operating Impacts and Valuation Study

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Appendix L Figure L-75. DE Impact w/ Storage (2 hr shift) Annual Energy Savings Annual Energy Savings (%) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% DE Impact w Storage - 2hr Shift Base*1 Base*1.5 Base*2 Base*2.5 Base*3 Base*3.5 Base*4 PV Capacity Options AA04- Tracking Energy Savings AA04- S Fixed Energy Savings AA13- Tracking Energy Saving AA13- S Fixed Energy Savings AW4- Tracking Energy Saving AW4- S Fixed Energy Savings AW4- W Fixed Energy Savings CA10- S Fixed Energy Savings CA14- Tracking Energy Savings CA14- S Fixed Energy Savings DM2- S Fixed Energy Savings DM6- S Fixed Energy Savings SP1- S Fixed Energy Savings SP1- W Fixed Energy Savings Figure L-76. DE Impact w/ Storage (2 hr shift) Annual Peak Demand Savings DE Impact w Storage - 2hr Shift Annual Peak Demand Savings (%) 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% Base*1 Base*1.5 Base*2 Base*2.5 Base*3 Base*3.5 Base*4 PV Capacity Options AA04- Tracking Peak Demand Savings AA04- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings AA13- Tracking Peak Demand Savings AA13- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings AW4- Tracking Peak Demand Savings AW4- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings AW4- W Fixed Peak Demand Savings CA10- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings CA14- Tracking Peak Demand Savings CA14- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings DM2- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings DM6- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings SP1- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings SP1- W Fixed Peak Demand Savings L-38 | R. W. Beck, Inc Arizona Public Service
Model Results Figure L-77. DE Impact w/ Storage (4 hr shift) Annual Energy Savings DE Impact w Storage - 4hr Shift Annual Energy Savings (%) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Base*1 Base*1.5 Base*2 Base*2.5 Base*3 Base*3.5 Base*4 PV Capacity Options AA04- Tracking Energy Savings AA04- S Fixed Energy Savings AA13- Tracking Energy Saving AW4- S Fixed Energy Savings AW4- W Fixed Energy Savings CA10- S Fixed Energy Savings CA14- Tracking Energy Savings CA14- S Fixed Energy Savings DM2- S Fixed Energy Savings DM6- S Fixed Energy Savings SP1- S Fixed Energy Savings SP1- W Fixed Energy Savings Figure L-78. DE Impact w/ Storage (4 hr shift) Annual Peak Demand Savings Annual Peak Demand Savings (%) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% DE Impact w Storage - 4hr Shift Base*1 Base*1.5 Base*2 Base*2.5 Base*3 Base*3.5 Base*4 PV Capacity Options AA04- Tracking Peak Demand Savings AA04- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings AA13- Tracking Peak Demand Savings AW4- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings AW4- W Fixed Peak Demand Savings CA10- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings CA14- Tracking Peak Demand Savings CA14- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings DM2- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings DM6- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings SP1- S Fixed Peak Demand Savings SP1- W Fixed Peak Demand Savings Modeling and Analysis R. W. Beck, Inc. | L-39
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PREPARED FOR: ARIZONA PUBLIC SERVIC
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CONTENTS List of Tables............
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Contents 5. Technical Value - Power
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Contents TABLES 1-1 RES Eligible Te
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Contents FIGURES 1-1 RES Compliance
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5-6 Typical Output, Single-Axis Tra
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Abundant sunshine
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Executive Summary many uncertaintie
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Executive Summary In contrast to al
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Executive Summary Capital Reduction
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Executive Summary Annual Energy and
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Executive Summary commercial custom
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Executive Summary Creation of a suc
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SECTION 1 — STUDY BACKGROUND AND
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Study Background and Description 1.
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Study Background and Description in
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Study Background and Description Fi
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Study Background and Description SH
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Study Background and Description Ta
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Study Background and Description 1.
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Study Background and Description AP
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Study Background and Description cu
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Study Background and Description to
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Study Background and Description in
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Section 2 and commercial customers.
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Section 2 Figure 2-2: Photovoltaic
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Section 2 When weighted by capacity
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Section 2 PV Model Inputs Two basel
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Section 2 Figure 2-5: Phoenix Area
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Section 2 Figure 2-7: Typical Sprin
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Section 2 account shading at the ho
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Section 2 • Residential: • A so
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Section 2 • Thermosyphon systems
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Section 2 existing systems installe
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Section 2 Figure 2-12: Hourly SHW S
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Section 2 Figure 2-14: Active Dayli
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Section 2 Daylighting Costs Capital
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Section 2 • An interior diffusion
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Section 2 Key Findings of Commercia
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Section 2 2.5 Deployment Analysis 2
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Section 2 Table 2-11 Residential PV
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Section 2 Commercial PV PV systems
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Section 2 was conceived by Frank Ba
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Section 2 Kastovich. 36 The formula
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Section 2 Figure 2-20: PV Payback -
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Section 2 Figure 2-22: PV Payback -
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Section 2 Figure 2-24: Daylighting
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Section 2 • The forecast of the a
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Section 2 Results of Market Simulat
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SECTION 3 — TECHNICAL VALUE - DIS
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Technical Value - Distribution Syst
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Section 4 Both of these benefits ar
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Section 4 decrease both real and re
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Section 4 • A simplifying assumpt
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Section 4 Results The effects of as
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Section 4 may have excess schedulin
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Section 4 4.3.2 Local Reliability/R
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Section 4 Figure 4-3: $110 Million
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Section 4 Figure 4-4: Historical PV
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Section 4 Figure 4-6: Historical PV
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SECTION 5 — TECHNICAL VALUE - POW
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Technical Value - Power Supply Capa
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Section 6 Value is also viewed and
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Section 6 6.2.2 Approach to Identif
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Section 6 Table 6-1 Levelized Carry
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Section 6 6.4.2 Summary of Quantita
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Section 6 Table 6-4 Capital Cost Re
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Section 6 Table 6-6 Total Solar DE
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Section 6 savings for the High Pene
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Section 6 6.4.7 Fixed and Variable
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Section 6 current demand, but assum
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Section 6 legislation and regulatio
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Section 6 The expansion of “green
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Section 6 solar DE development over
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Section 6 • Provide financing - M
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Section 6 6.8 Conclusions The winni
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Appendix A solar incidence: solar t
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APPENDIX B — CALIFORNIA PV PROGRA
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM Figure B-2. C
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM largest avera
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM The data show
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM The following
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM Figure B-6. H
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Appendix C The price of an SREC is
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Appendix C Figure C-3. Average Cost
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Appendix C Figure C-6. Average Cost
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Appendix C C.2.5 Government Facilit
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Appendix C Figure C-14. Average Cap
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Appendix C Figure C-16. Total Numbe
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APPENDIX D — CUSTOMER USE CHARACT
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Customer Use Characteristics by Sel
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APPENDIX E — MONTHLY LOAD PROFILE
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Monthly Load Profiles by Selected A
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APPENDIX F — PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
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Photovoltaic system modeling Figure
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Photovoltaic system modeling - One-
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Appendix G The SRCC provides estima
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Appendix H Equipment Qualifications
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Appendix I Table I-3 Residential Ch
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Appendix J APS Incentive Schedules
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DISTRIBUTED ENERGY ADMINISTRATION P
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DISTRIBUTED ENERGY ADMINISTRATION P
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Appendix K DSS Study - Distribution
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Overview • EPRI was contracted by
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Circuit Model © 2008 Electric Powe
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Modeling Assumptions • Distributi
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Procedures After Model Conversion
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Load Models • Individual customer
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Loss Impact Analysis © 2008 Electr
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Sample Residential Solar Curves 3.0
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Hourly Average Load and Solar Curve
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Base Case Results: No Solar 12000 T
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Case 1 Results: Business as Usual 1
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Loss Analysis Results Summary Base
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Reduction in 2007 Peak Load 2007 Pe
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Voltage Regulation © 2008 Electric
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ADEQ: Fixed Horizontal commercial P
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SOL_Desert: Fixed Latitude (residen
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Voltage Regulation Model • Same b
Page 346 and 347: Total PV Power Input Total PV Power
Page 348 and 349: Effect of PV Power on Phase Current
Page 350 and 351: Deviation between Voltage Profile 0
Page 352 and 353: Greenfield Results with Manually Ed
Page 354 and 355: Effect of Edited PV Profile on Tota
Page 356 and 357: Effect of Edited PV Profile on Volt
Page 359 and 360: APPENDIX L — MODEL RESULTS Figure
Page 361 and 362: Model Results Figure L-5. Residenti
Page 363 and 364: Model Results Figure L-9. Residenti
Page 365 and 366: Model Results Figure L-13. Resident
Page 367 and 368: Model Results Figure L-17. Resident
Page 369 and 370: Model Results Figure L-21. Commerci
Page 371 and 372: Model Results Figure L-25. Commerci
Page 373 and 374: Model Results Figure L-29. Large Co
Page 375 and 376: Model Results Figure L-33. Solar Ho
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Page 385 and 386: Model Results Figure L-53. East Val
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Page 389 and 390: Model Results Figure L-61. Galvin P
Page 391 and 392: Model Results Figure L-65. Javalina
Page 393 and 394: Model Results Figure L-69. Pioneer
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Page 400 and 401: Appendix M Figure M-2. Power Factor
Page 402 and 403: Appendix M Table M-1 Data Points fo
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Page 406 and 407: Appendix M Figure M-10. Plot of Tra
Page 408 and 409: Appendix M • I harmonic number: 3
Page 410 and 411: Appendix M • File ending: Bad •
Page 412 and 413: Appendix M Table M-7 Limit Setups V
Page 415: Appendix N Evaluation of Economic V
Page 418 and 419: Appendix N N.3 Economic Value of Ca
Page 420 and 421: Distributed Renewable Energy Operat
Page 422 and 423: Calculation of APS Carrying Charges
Page 424: Calculation of APS Carrying Charges
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