Distributed Renewable Energy Operating Impacts and Valuation Study

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Section 1 water applications as well as experience in developing demand management and incentive programs that help stimulate the market. Summit Blue also utilized its proprietary simulation model that enables analysis of solar hot water and solar daylighting impacts at the level of individual buildings. Additionally, Summit Blue utilized its proprietary Bass diffusion model to project deployment of solar DE technologies by APS customers. • Phasor Energy Company, Inc. (Phasor) specializes in developing practical, innovative applications of PV technologies for commercial and industrial applications in the greater Phoenix area. Phasor provided valuable insight on the practical application of PV technology through all phases of the project development cycle from conceptual planning and design to engineering, installation and performance evaluation that was critical in creating Task I deliverables of solar characterization. • Energized Solutions, LLC (ES) provided renewable resources planning, energy efficiency and technology consulting services. ES provided its in-depth knowledge of solar implementation in general, and in California specifically, as well as its deep technical understanding of how distributed energy integrates the solar characterizations results across technologies, markets and customers. Figure 1-8: Study Team 1-14 R. W. Beck, Inc. Arizona Public Service
Study Background and Description 1.4.3 Stakeholder Involvement A cornerstone of the Study has been the involvement of a wide array of stakeholders representing solar vendors, academic institutions, solar advocates, local builders and land developers, solar related construction firms as well as representatives of the regulatory community. More than 60 individuals representing 35 companies, universities, trade associations and national laboratories were actively participating in the process. The stakeholders are critical to building support for the ultimate deployment of solar DE technologies as well as bridging between technical potential and practical reality. The stakeholders’ diverse opinions offered the Study team insights, as well as core data and touch points to the community, that will ultimately served to enhance the successful integration of solar DE technology into the APS service territory. The initial group of stakeholders was suggested by APS. This was supplemented with individuals who opted into participation during the process based on relationships with other stakeholders or through public dissemination of information primarily through the Study’s web site, www.solarfuturearizona.com. Stakeholders in the project represented the following organizations: • American Solar Electric Inc. • Arizona Corporation Commission • Arizona Department of Commerce • Arizona State University Research Park • Arizona State University School of Global Management • Desert Sun Solar • DMB Associates • El Dorado Holdings • Electric Power Research Institute • IREC • Keyes & Fox, LLP • Kyocera • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory • Lennar Homes • National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) • Natural Lighting Company • Newland Communities • Pederson Inc. • Pulte Homes • Solar City • Solar Electric Power • Salt River Project • Sun Earth Inc. • Sun Systems Inc. • Sunbelt Holdings • SunEdison • The Vote Solar Initiative • Tucson City • Tucson Electric Power • Venture Catalyst • University of Arizona • ViaSol Energy Solutions • Western Resource Advocates Stakeholder Process Given the critical nature of the stakeholder engagement, participation in the Study took a number of forms including two open forums, five workshops, numerous informal working groups, as well as interaction via the Study web site (www.solarfuturearizona.com). The goal was to Distributed Renewable Energy Operating Impacts & Valuation Study R. W. Beck, Inc. 1-15
Page 1: PREPARED FOR: ARIZONA PUBLIC SERVIC
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS List of Tables............
Page 7 and 8: Contents 5. Technical Value - Power
Page 9 and 10: Contents TABLES 1-1 RES Eligible Te
Page 11 and 12: Contents FIGURES 1-1 RES Compliance
Page 13 and 14: 5-6 Typical Output, Single-Axis Tra
Page 15 and 16: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Abundant sunshine
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary many uncertaintie
Page 19 and 20: Executive Summary In contrast to al
Page 21 and 22: Executive Summary Capital Reduction
Page 23 and 24: Executive Summary Annual Energy and
Page 25 and 26: Executive Summary commercial custom
Page 27 and 28: Executive Summary Creation of a suc
Page 29 and 30: SECTION 1 — STUDY BACKGROUND AND
Page 31 and 32: Study Background and Description 1.
Page 33 and 34: Study Background and Description in
Page 35 and 36: Study Background and Description Fi
Page 37 and 38: Study Background and Description SH
Page 39 and 40: Study Background and Description Ta
Page 41: Study Background and Description Fi
Page 45 and 46: Study Background and Description AP
Page 47 and 48: Study Background and Description cu
Page 49 and 50: Study Background and Description Fi
Page 51 and 52: Study Background and Description to
Page 53: Study Background and Description in
Page 56 and 57: Section 2 and commercial customers.
Page 58 and 59: Section 2 Figure 2-2: Photovoltaic
Page 60 and 61: Section 2 When weighted by capacity
Page 62 and 63: Section 2 PV Model Inputs Two basel
Page 64 and 65: Section 2 Figure 2-5: Phoenix Area
Page 66 and 67: Section 2 Figure 2-7: Typical Sprin
Page 68 and 69: Section 2 account shading at the ho
Page 70 and 71: Section 2 • Residential: • A so
Page 72 and 73: Section 2 • Thermosyphon systems
Page 74 and 75: Section 2 existing systems installe
Page 76 and 77: Section 2 Figure 2-12: Hourly SHW S
Page 78 and 79: Section 2 Figure 2-14: Active Dayli
Page 80 and 81: Section 2 Daylighting Costs Capital
Page 82 and 83: Section 2 • An interior diffusion
Page 84 and 85: Section 2 Key Findings of Commercia
Page 86 and 87: Section 2 2.5 Deployment Analysis 2
Page 88 and 89: Section 2 Table 2-11 Residential PV
Page 90 and 91: Section 2 Commercial PV PV systems
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Section 2 was conceived by Frank Ba
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Section 2 Kastovich. 36 The formula
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Section 2 Figure 2-20: PV Payback -
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Section 2 Figure 2-22: PV Payback -
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Section 2 Figure 2-24: Daylighting
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Section 2 • The forecast of the a
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Section 2 Results of Market Simulat
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SECTION 3 — TECHNICAL VALUE - DIS
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Technical Value - Distribution Syst
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Section 4 Both of these benefits ar
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Section 4 decrease both real and re
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Section 4 • A simplifying assumpt
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Section 4 Results The effects of as
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Section 4 may have excess schedulin
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Section 4 4.3.2 Local Reliability/R
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Section 4 Figure 4-3: $110 Million
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Section 4 Figure 4-4: Historical PV
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Section 4 Figure 4-6: Historical PV
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SECTION 5 — TECHNICAL VALUE - POW
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Technical Value - Power Supply Capa
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Section 6 Value is also viewed and
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Section 6 6.2.2 Approach to Identif
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Section 6 Table 6-1 Levelized Carry
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Section 6 6.4.2 Summary of Quantita
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Section 6 Table 6-4 Capital Cost Re
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Section 6 Table 6-6 Total Solar DE
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Section 6 savings for the High Pene
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Section 6 6.4.7 Fixed and Variable
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Section 6 current demand, but assum
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Section 6 legislation and regulatio
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Section 6 The expansion of “green
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Section 6 solar DE development over
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Section 6 • Provide financing - M
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Section 6 6.8 Conclusions The winni
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Appendix A solar incidence: solar t
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APPENDIX B — CALIFORNIA PV PROGRA
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM Figure B-2. C
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM largest avera
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM The data show
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM The following
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CALIFORNIA PV PROGRAM Figure B-6. H
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Appendix C The price of an SREC is
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Appendix C Figure C-3. Average Cost
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Appendix C Figure C-6. Average Cost
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Appendix C C.2.5 Government Facilit
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Appendix C Figure C-14. Average Cap
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Appendix C Figure C-16. Total Numbe
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APPENDIX D — CUSTOMER USE CHARACT
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Customer Use Characteristics by Sel
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APPENDIX E — MONTHLY LOAD PROFILE
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Monthly Load Profiles by Selected A
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APPENDIX F — PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
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Photovoltaic system modeling Figure
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Photovoltaic system modeling - One-
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Appendix G The SRCC provides estima
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Appendix H Equipment Qualifications
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Appendix I Table I-3 Residential Ch
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Appendix J APS Incentive Schedules
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DISTRIBUTED ENERGY ADMINISTRATION P
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DISTRIBUTED ENERGY ADMINISTRATION P
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Appendix K DSS Study - Distribution
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Overview • EPRI was contracted by
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Circuit Model © 2008 Electric Powe
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Modeling Assumptions • Distributi
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Procedures After Model Conversion
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Load Models • Individual customer
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Loss Impact Analysis © 2008 Electr
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Sample Residential Solar Curves 3.0
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Hourly Average Load and Solar Curve
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Base Case Results: No Solar 12000 T
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Case 1 Results: Business as Usual 1
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Loss Analysis Results Summary Base
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Reduction in 2007 Peak Load 2007 Pe
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Voltage Regulation © 2008 Electric
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ADEQ: Fixed Horizontal commercial P
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SOL_Desert: Fixed Latitude (residen
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Voltage Regulation Model • Same b
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Total PV Power Input Total PV Power
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Effect of PV Power on Phase Current
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Deviation between Voltage Profile 0
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Greenfield Results with Manually Ed
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Effect of Edited PV Profile on Tota
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Effect of Edited PV Profile on Volt
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APPENDIX L — MODEL RESULTS Figure
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Model Results Figure L-5. Residenti
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Model Results Figure L-9. Residenti
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Model Results Figure L-13. Resident
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Model Results Figure L-17. Resident
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Model Results Figure L-21. Commerci
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Model Results Figure L-25. Commerci
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Model Results Figure L-29. Large Co
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Model Results Figure L-33. Solar Ho
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Model Results Figure L-49. Cactus A
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Model Results Figure L-53. East Val
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Model Results Figure L-57. East Val
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Model Results Figure L-61. Galvin P
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Model Results Figure L-65. Javalina
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Model Results Figure L-69. Pioneer
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Model Results Figure L-73. Thompson
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Model Results Figure L-77. DE Impac
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Appendix M Figure M-2. Power Factor
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Appendix M Table M-1 Data Points fo
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Appendix M Figure M-6. Zoomed Plot
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Appendix M Figure M-10. Plot of Tra
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Appendix M • I harmonic number: 3
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Appendix M • File ending: Bad •
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Appendix M Table M-7 Limit Setups V
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Appendix N Evaluation of Economic V
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Appendix N N.3 Economic Value of Ca
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Distributed Renewable Energy Operat
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Calculation of APS Carrying Charges
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Calculation of APS Carrying Charges
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