Canadian Quality Milk On-Farm Food Safety Program - Centre ...

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Canadian Quality Milk Table 10: Microbes Causing Contagious Mastitis SCIENTIFIC NAME Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus agalactiae Mycoplasma bovis Arcanobacterium pyogenes ALTERNATIVE NAMES Staph., Staph. aureus, hemolytic Staph, HS Strep., Strep. ag, SA Mycoplasma, M. bovis Coryne., heifer mastitis, summer mastitis Best Management Practices to Control Contagious Mastitis: Use proper pre-milking sanitation practices to prevent the spread of bacteria from water and contaminated towels. Ensure that milking equipment is properly sized, maintained and attached. Use proper post-milking teat dipping practices with approved teat dip to prevent the spread of bacteria. Implement plans for investigating the cause and treating cases of clinical mastitis ⎯ in consultation with your veterinarian. This will ensure that the microbes causing mastitis are properly identified and treated. Treat all quarters with dry cow treatment at drying off to assist in treating existing infections and prevent new ones. Cull cows that are chronically infected with contagious mastitis to decrease the risk of new infections in the herd. Implement a biosecurity plan to prevent the introduction of animals with contagious mastitis. Milk infected or treated cows last or separately into a bucket. 3.2.4.2 Environmental Mastitis Environmental mastitis results from infection of the udder by microbes (see Table 11) that come from the barn environment. Most of these microbes originate in cattle manure. Environmental microbes lead to clinical mastitis more often than contagious microbes do, but many infections caused by environmental microbes do not lead to clinical mastitis. Most new environmental infections occur during the dry period and during the first 75 days after freshening. The visible changes in milk that occur during clinical mastitis from environmental microbes are the result of the reaction by the udder to the microbes. In many cases of environmental mastitis, the microbes that cause the infection are eliminated from the udder before the milk looks abnormal. This is one reason why a milk culture may be negative even when the milk is obviously abnormal. 3—14 June 2010
Canadian Quality Milk Practices that control the spread of contagious mastitis will not necessarily reduce infections by microbes that cause environmental mastitis. Table 11: Microbes that Cause Environmental Mastitis SCIENTIFIC NAMES Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter aerogenes ALTERNATE NAMES Coliform bacteria, coliforms, E. coli. Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae Strep. non-ag, Environmental strep. Sources of microbes that cause environmental mastitis include: • Manure. • Bedding. • Feed. • Dust and dirt. • Mud. • Water. • Contaminated equipment (e.g. cracks in worn out liners). Conditions that favour exposure of the udder to microbes in the environment include: • Overcrowding. • Dirty or wet dry-cow and maternity areas. • Ventilation that does not adequately remove humidity. • Manure and wetness accumulating in alleyways, feeding areas, exercise yards, pastures and stalls. • Wet and dirty stalls. • Muddy exercise yards. • Access to ponds. • Milking wet udders. Many of the specific management steps that prevent and control environmental mastitis can be developed only after determining which specific environmental bacteria is causing the mastitis in the herd. Best Management Practices to Prevent and Control Environmental Mastitis: Ensure thoroughly cleaned and dried teats. Keep the milking cows’ and dry cows’ environment as clean as possible to reduce the incidence of environmental bacteria. Use proper pre-milking sanitation practices to prevent the exposure of the teat ends to bacteria. Dip teats prior to milking with a licensed product to reduce new cases of environmental mastitis. All pre-milking germicides must be in contact with the teat for at least 30 seconds and must be completely removed before attaching the unit. This June 2010 3—15
Page 1 and 2: Canadian Quality Milk On-Farm Food
Page 3 and 4: Canadian Quality Milk Table of Cont
Page 5 and 6: Canadian Quality Milk PRESIDENT’S
Page 7 and 8: Canadian Quality Milk ABOUT THIS BO
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Page 11 and 12: Canadian Quality Milk program and e
Page 13 and 14: Canadian Quality Milk 1.0 DAIRY FAC
Page 15 and 16: Canadian Quality Milk Introduction
Page 17 and 18: Canadian Quality Milk Store pestic
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Page 27 and 28: Canadian Quality Milk HAZARD SOURCE
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Page 35 and 36: Canadian Quality Milk 3.0 ANIMAL HE
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Page 47: Canadian Quality Milk Clinical mast
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Canadian Quality Milk 9.3 THE TRAIN
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Canadian Quality Milk 9.4.3 Cooling
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10.2 BMP 5 MILKING MANAGEMENT Canad
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Canadian Quality Milk 10.5 BMP6 FAC
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Canadian Quality Milk 11.0 MILK AND
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