Ski – resort and regional development: profile of visitors ... - E-Journal

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Predicting residents’ perceptions of cultural tourism attractiveness model is a valuable tool for a systematic analysis of city tourism space development as it permits a focus on different types of attractions of a city. Oppermann, Din, and Amri (1996), Ashworth (1989), and Ritter (1986) propose their own versions of city models that will ensure sustainable city tourism. Such endeavors require accurate assessments of visitor needs and perceptions for destinations to determine where they are meeting the needs of their target visitors, and identify areas that additional efforts are needed. The quality of services, facilities and attractions of destinations in the eyes of visitors will usually be important factors in creating an image which not only helps to attract new visitors, but also encourages past visitors to return to the destination (Joppe, Martin, & Waalen, 2001). Ross (2007) surveyed residents of an Australian city to measure their perceptions of the impacts of tourism on city facilities and on individual and community life. The results show that tourism had positive effects on hospitality facilities, leisure and entertainment services, as well as business opportunities. Several negative impacts were found such as increased living costs and crime rate. In addition, the study revealed that tourism has greater impact on the community as a whole rather than on the individual level. Achana and Avgoustis (2001) used the importance performance analysis (IP) to assess Indianapolis’s position as a potential international tourism destination. IP is a research technique often used in strategic quality development of the salient features of services and products provided to customers (Martilla & James, 1977; Hawes & Rao, 1985; Dolinsky, 1991; Almanza, Jaffe, & Lin., 1994; Go & Zhang, 1997; Joppe et al., 2001). In tourism destination assessments, it involves a simultaneous examination of the assessments by visitors of both the importance of the salient features of the services and products provided by a destination, and the extent to which the destination is seen by the visitors to have performed to their expectations on those salient features. Achana and Avgoustis (2001) concluded that Indianapolis has certain destination features that could allow it to position itself competitively, such as: (a) exceptional hospitality to the visitor, (b) high standards of cleanliness and hygiene, (c) safety concerns would not be a major preoccupation of visitors, (d) new and unique experiences that differ from other American destinations, and (e) diverse offering of restaurants. In order to remain competitive, Indianapolis must create a distinctive market position out of its unique comparative advantages. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The following three objectives were established to address the purpose of the study: (a) design a survey to be administered to Indianapolis residents, (b) utilize a number of statistical techniques, including descriptive statistical analysis to detect Indianapolis residents’ demographic profiles and their perceptions about city services, and (c) perform a factor analysis and a regression analysis to determine what factors are more important as predictors of Indianapolis’ overall attractiveness as a cultural tourism destination. Tourism Today - Fall 2007 - Full Paper 129
130 Yao-Yi Fu, Amanda K. Cecil, Suosheng Wang, Sotiris H. Avgoustis INSTRUMENT DESIGN After reviewing previous research that match the theme of this study, a total of 26 city service attributes were developed that represent different areas of city services and facilities including: parks, landscape, hospitality services, transportation, safety, and infrastructure. Those 26 attributes were measured on a five-point scale ranging from strongly agree (1)” to “strongly disagree (5).” Several items were identified with a purpose to measure Indianapolis’ overall attractiveness as a cultural tourism destination. Questions regarding respondents’ demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, ethnicity, household income, and length of residency were included to paint a picture of the demographic profile of respondents. INSTRUMENT ADMINISTRATION The research team attracted subjects through a convenience sampling technique, i.e. Indianapolis residents were selected on the basis of their availability, and only those who agreed to volunteer were approached and asked to complete the surveys. Students were involved in the process of data collection supervised by the researchers through a period of four weeks from September to October. The administration of the survey was carried out during all days of the weeks and in three daily shifts, mornings (8 am to Noon), afternoons (Noon to 4 pm) and evenings (4 pm to 8 pm). As a result, all research participants were volunteers, 18 years of age or older, and residents of Indianapolis. The team collected 960 surveys which data was entered into SPSS for data analyses. DATA ANALYSIS With the input of data into SPSS, the mean ratings of all the city service items were computed and tabled. Factor analysis was used to group these items into a smaller set of factors. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the impact of the city service factors on the overall attractiveness of Indianapolis as a cultural tourism destination. The city service dimensions were used as independent variables, while a composite variable was created representing all the cultural tourism attraction related items. RESULTS DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE As shown in Table 1, male and female respondents were almost equally distributed, with male respondents accounting for 52.6% of the total sample. In terms of age groups, the mode of age groups was the younger group (18-30 years old), representing 34% of the total. The middle age groups of 31-43 and 44-56 years old made up 26.2% and 25.7%, respectively. Fewer respondents were from the older age group of over 56 years old (11.7%). With respect to ethnicity, most respondents were Caucasian (65.1%). The next largest ethnic group was Tourism Today - Fall 2007 - Full Paper
Page 1 and 2:
THE JOURNAL OF THE COLLEGE OF TOURI
Page 3 and 4:
Editorial Board Board Founder: Anto
Page 5 and 6:
4 Contents Contents Editorial board
Page 7 and 8:
6 Note from the editor Note from th
Page 9 and 10:
8 Carmel Foley and Bruce Hayllar le
Page 11 and 12:
10 Carmel Foley and Bruce Hayllar t
Page 13 and 14:
12 Carmel Foley and Bruce Hayllar p
Page 15 and 16:
14 Carmel Foley and Bruce Hayllar M
Page 17 and 18:
16 Carmel Foley and Bruce Hayllar T
Page 19 and 20:
18 Carmel Foley and Bruce Hayllar M
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
22 Carmel Foley and Bruce Hayllar g
Page 25 and 26:
24 Carmel Foley and Bruce Hayllar a
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
28 Carmel Foley and Bruce Hayllar
Page 31 and 32:
30 trip; the evolution of intrinsic
Page 33 and 34:
32 also varied accordingly, while a
Page 35 and 36:
34 by the competition withy other p
Page 37 and 38:
36 rates! Some tour leaders (or tou
Page 39 and 40:
38 professionals consider these pra
Page 41 and 42:
40 Overall, language tourism can me
Page 43 and 44:
42 • Pearce, P. L. (1995). From c
Page 45 and 46:
44 Filio Lazana, Diana Draganescu,
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
62 Jaume Garau-Taberner competitive
Page 65 and 66:
64 Jaume Garau-Taberner 2.1.4 Other
Page 67 and 68:
66 Jaume Garau-Taberner The next st
Page 69 and 70:
68 Jaume Garau-Taberner 4.2 Results
Page 71 and 72:
70 Jaume Garau-Taberner In continua
Page 73 and 74:
72 Jaume Garau-Taberner Figure 5. T
Page 75 and 76:
74 Jaume Garau-Taberner for each of
Page 77 and 78:
76 Jaume Garau-Taberner The results
Page 79 and 80: 78 Jaume Garau-Taberner • Papathe
Page 81 and 82: 80 Onome Daniel Awaritefe 2001; Gar
Page 83 and 84: 82 Onome Daniel Awaritefe were also
Page 85 and 86: 84 Onome Daniel Awaritefe Fig 1: St
Page 87 and 88: 86 Onome Daniel Awaritefe Variable
Page 89 and 90: 88 Onome Daniel Awaritefe RESULT PR
Page 91 and 92: 90 Onome Daniel Awaritefe differed
Page 93 and 94: 92 Onome Daniel Awaritefe character
Page 95 and 96: 94 Onome Daniel Awaritefe The findi
Page 97 and 98: 96 Onome Daniel Awaritefe • Leopo
Page 99 and 100: 98 Onome Daniel Awaritefe Table 3:D
Page 101 and 102: 100 Stanislav Ivanov Dynamic overbo
Page 103 and 104: 102 Stanislav Ivanov Tourism Today
Page 105 and 106: 104 Stanislav Ivanov (11) The total
Page 107 and 108: 106 Stanislav Ivanov If, for exampl
Page 109 and 110: 108 Stanislav Ivanov Tourism Today
Page 111 and 112: 110 Garyfallos Arabatzis, Serafeim
Page 127 and 128: 126 Yao-Yi Fu, Amanda K. Cecil, Suo
Page 129: 128 Yao-Yi Fu, Amanda K. Cecil, Suo
Page 151 and 152: 150 Ski - resort and regional devel
Page 165 and 166: 164 Olga Christopoulou, Garyfallos
Page 167 and 168: 166 Olga Christopoulou, Garyfallos
Page 169 and 170: 168 The european journal of tourism
Page 171 and 172: 170 Contributors Amanda K. Cecil De
Page 173 and 174: 172 Contributors Jesús García Lab
Page 175 and 176: 174 Notes For Contributors Notes Fo
Page 177: 176 Notes For Contributors must be
show all

Ski – resort and regional development: profile of visitors ... - E-Journal

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?