Ski – resort and regional development: profile of visitors ... - E-Journal

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Ski - resort and regional development: profile of visitors and appraisal of demand in parnassos ski - resort The sign of the coefficient of the independent variable agrees with economic theory and has a significant value for this specific kind of research. The standard error of the dependent variable demonstrated a much smaller value when compared to the average of values observed. The standard errors of intercept and the coefficient of the dependent variable are relatively small, as it can be seen by the values in parentheses. Both the intercept and the coefficient are statistically significant. The Durbin - Watson test suggests that there is no autocorrelation between the residuals of the model. The model shows that the duration of stay at Parnassos ski-resort depends only on travel time. Therefore, long journeys can be a reason for limiting length of stay to the resort. 5. CONCLUSIONS Natural resources in mountainous areas are of great importance for tourism development. Combined with other resources such human capital and infrastructure create the total regional tourist attractiveness and affect the spatial distribution of tourist flows while determining the types of tourism to be developed. Winter tourism, is a type of tourism which takes place in mountainous regions and constitutes an important economic activity. This activity contributes to the regional development in great extent, especially in less advantageous regions. In particular, winter tourism development is directly connected to the ski-resort potential, the level of provided services, the level of utilisation and the status of natural resources, as well as the distances involved between the resort and visitors’ places of origin. The further development of winter tourism through the enhancement and improvement of the existing infrastructures should be a strategic development aim for mountainous regions. More specifically, the great majority of Parnassos visitors expressed the desire to have been able to visit the resort more frequently. They did not because of their limited free time as well as their limited financial resources. Therefore, the factors that have a negative effect on skiing are income issues, lack of available free time and the perception of skiing as a dangerous sport. The relatively high costs resulting from staying overnight in the ski-area highlight the relationship between staying overnight and income. This is a major constraint for developing further winter vacations in the area. According to the respondents, the main factors that affect the attractiveness of a particular ski-resort are its proximity to the urban areas, the quality of its facilities as well as the snow abundance. The frequency of visits is affected by the distance which the visitor or tourist may travel, the journey -time, the cost of the visit, and the profession of the visitor. Although the skiing infrastructure of the resort operates at a loss, the benefits that generates for the region as a whole are considerable. Such benefits include job opportunities for local residents, demand for overnight accommodation and more recreational opportunities for people and facilities such as cafeterias, bars, restaurants, and taverns. The increased numbers of visitors have a wider positive effect on the local economy not least by increasing the demand for traditional, local goods and artifacts. For instance, Arachova’s Tourism Today - Fall 2007 - Full Paper 163
164 Olga Christopoulou, Garyfallos Arabatzis and Serafeim Polyzos textiles and wine sales provide an additional income to the locals. Furthermore, the increased visits to nearby places of cultural interest such as the Oracle of Delphi are one of the most important positive influences of winter-mountain tourism in the Parnassos ski-area. Some proposals for increasing the demand for winter tourism at Parnassos ski-resort are as follows: 1. Reduction of travel time: This can be achieved by improving road conditions and establishing traffic control measures. 2. Ski-pistes lighting, the opening up of new pistes and the introduction of suitable measures to protect skiers from avalanches. 3. Operation of a radio station to provide information to potential visitors. 4. Development of conference-tourism in neighboring areas. This could increase demand for the ski-resort. 5. Development of internal tourism in the area and the advertising and promotion of the beauty of Greek mountain sites. 6. Holiday package offers to the area, where the price would include low cost accommodation for several days. 7. Incentives for the creation of family accommodation units, which maintain the traditional architectural character of the area – according to Austrian models – to ensure minimum environmental cost. These could take the form of low interest loans or grants. Such incentives could also be used to encourage the creation of small traditional handicraft businesses. 8. Organization of special events, festivals etc within the area. 9. Advertising brochures promoting the various places of interest in the wider area. These could be historical sights or sights of outstanding natural beauty. REFERENCES • Andre, M.F., (1998) Depopulation, land-use change and landscape transformation in the French Massif Central. Ambio, 27, 351-353. • Andriotis, K. (2001) Tourism planning and development in Crete: Recent tourism policies and their efficacy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9(4), 298-316. • Arabatzis, G., Kamenidou, E. and Michaelidis, A. (2003) Attitudes, opinions and characteristics of Voras ski-resort visitors. 15 th Pan-Hellenic Statistics Convention Proceedings, Ioannina, 8-11 May 2002, 109-117. (In Greek). • Bowe, S., and Marcouiller, D. (2007) Alternative tourism–timber dependencies and the development of forested rural regions. Forest Policy and Economics, 9 (6), 653-670. • Buckley, R., Pickering, C. and Warnken, J. (2000) Environmental management for alpine tourism and resorts in Australia. In P. Godde, M. Price and F. Zimmermann (Eds.) Tourism and Development in Mountain Regions, 27-45, London: CABI. Tourism Today - Fall 2007 - Full Paper
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