Ski – resort and regional development: profile of visitors ... - E-Journal

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Tourist characteristics and demand for tourism destination products in nigeria, tropical africa sex segmentation of the tourists. In contrast, social group, family size, and age and income segmentation of tourists did not reveal significant differences for tourism product demand. Detailed discussion of tourism products where significant differences in demand was observed between tourist’s groups is discussed next. First, in Table 2 is presented socio-economic segmentation of tourists according to various destination products where tourist’s groups differ significantly in their demand, at the 0.05 levels. One-way ANOVA test at 0.05 levels on data in Table 2 showed that socio-economic status had significant influence on demand for tourists’ products in some destinations. And Scheffe’s multiple range tests was applied to data in Table 2 to identify the tourism products that social – economic status significantly differentiated tourists. The result showed that there are two pairs of groups of socio-economic tourists that differ significantly from each other in product demand. Middle class tourists differed significantly from student tourists and lower class tourists in tourism product demand. Middle class tourists displayed significantly higher demand for nature/ecotourism destinations, water/beach areas, and culture/historic tourism areas when compared with others. Lower class tourists indicated a similar overwhelmingly higher demand for nature/ecotourism areas, and water resorts/beaches, and also differed from other socioeconomic groups in having significant higher demand for urban tourism areas. Student tourists, on the other hand, depicted equally high demand for both nature/ecotourism, and water/beach tourism areas, but differed in having significant higher demand for adventure tourism areas. Middle class tourists, being older, more educated and having more income, revealed significantly higher demand for a broader range of tourism areas, especially those that offer a wide spectrum of experiences and opportunity mixture when compared to other tourists segments. In contrast, student’s tourists, being more youthful and effervescent, were also more desirous of action/adventure oriented tourism destinations than other tourists segments. The lower class tourists, unlike other groups, indicated higher preference for urban tourism. These group of tourists appeared less exposed to other parts of the country and thus were more desirous of modern urban and industrial environmental settings. Furthermore, ANOVA and Scheffe’s multiple range tests were applied to establish where significant differences existed between the culture/national groups in their demand for various types of tourism destinations. Data in Table 2 revealed two groups of tourists whose means differ significantly and collectively: first, African tourists and secondly, European and American tourists combined. African tourists were shown to patronise mostly water/beach destinations followed by wildlife/ecotourism and nature/adventure destinations that are well provided with facilities and that are easily accessible. In contrast, European and American tourists patronised mostly culture/historic destinations, followed by wildlife/ecotourism destinations, with adventure tourism destinations also emerging high in demand as peripheral valued destinations. ANOVA and Scheffe’s multiple range tests conducted on data in Table 3 (right hand section) also indicated that the structure of distractions/problems encountered within the tourism centres Tourism Today - Fall 2007 - Full Paper 89
90 Onome Daniel Awaritefe differed significantly between tourists of some socio-economic groups. For instance, two pairs of socio-economic groups, the middle class and working class, have means that differ significantly from each other in seven distraction/problems encountered in the tourism destinations. In Table 3, the problems of high cost, poor quality/variety of facilities and poor variety of attractions and dirty/obsolete environmental features in the destinations were considered as of overwhelmingly high concern to middle class tourists. The problems of insecurity/hostility, transportation, lack of information, poor service and poor food quality were highly indicated by working class tourists. They also indicated foremost concern with problems as poor variety/poor quality of facilities and inadequate animal variety. The student tourists expressed encounter with a broader range of problems that appeared of parallel seriousness to them. Foremost amongst these are high costs of tourism items, dilapidated environments and structures and transportation problem. Table 3 also shows that education significantly influenced the tourists in their assessment of six distractions/problems they encountered in various destinations. Multiple range test applied to data in Table 3, using Scheffe’s technique, showed that there is only one pair of group of tourists whose means differ significantly from each other: Degree holders and diploma/certificate holders. Tourists with Diploma/Certificate expressed over-whelming high concern for distractions/problems associated with poor quality/variety of facilities and inadequate animal variety. Transportation was at the core of these problems. On the other hand, tourists who are degree holders indicated encountering a wider range of distractions/problems, especially associated with poor maintenance culture of tourism environments/facilities, poor quality/variety of attractions, poor management/poor services and bad food. Various t-tests applied to the data in Table 4 also shows that tourist differed significantly in their choice of tourism destination features on the basis of their sex gender. Table 4 shows that female tourists expressed significant higher choice for destinations that are distantly located/safe from their residential/work environments. This is apparently to escape from daily routine, and enjoy new and different environments. The females also showed significant higher demand for natural, beautiful, quiet areas of unique flora and fauna, especially beaches/river/water areas and parks/games reserve with entertainment/leisure resources. In contrast, male tourists expressed significant higher demand for unique geophysical mountainous /hilly landform features and game reserves/parks, natural places of plenty flora and fauna and sporting facilities/events. Water/beach areas, cultural/educational and other landform areas offering opportunity for unique experiences constituted the major spur in choice of destination product by male tourists. Additionally, sports/recreational facilities available and their nearness to residence were also significant considerations amongst male tourists in product choice and demand. The result of the analysis presented and discussed above pertained to all the seven tourism centers of Jos, Obudu Ranch, Benin City, Yankari Games Reserve, Kainji tourism center, Badagry Beach and Abraka River tourism destinations jointly. Next, we shall establish whether significant differences exists in tourism product demand between the tourists groups within each of the 7 destinations selected for study. Tourism Today - Fall 2007 - Full Paper
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Page 63 and 64: 62 Jaume Garau-Taberner competitive
Page 65 and 66: 64 Jaume Garau-Taberner 2.1.4 Other
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Page 77 and 78: 76 Jaume Garau-Taberner The results
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168 The european journal of tourism
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