Unit A Reproduction

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4.8 Explore an Issue DECISION MAKING SKILLS Defining the Issue Researching Identifying Alternatives Analyzing the Issue Defending a Decision Communicating Evaluating Surrogate Mothers All the technologies described in Section 4.7 involve the mother becoming pregnant and delivering the baby nine months later. Sometimes, the mother can conceive but is unable to maintain a pregnancy, and so cannot produce a baby. In this situation, artificial reproductive technologies do not help. In the past, the only opportunity for these couples to become parents was to adopt a child. The Issue: Surrogate Mothers Because of advances in reproductive technologies, it is possible to remove an egg from a woman, fertilize the egg with sperm in vitro, and then transfer the embryo into the uterus of another woman—a surrogate mother. The surrogate mother is pregnant with the fetus for nine months, and then returns the newborn to the genetic mother. Surrogacy made headlines in 2004, when U.S. television personality Joan Lunden announced that she had hired a surrogate mother. The surrogate mother gave birth to twins (Figure 1). Statement The law should allow couples who cannot have children naturally to hire a surrogate mother. Background to the Issue In some cases, the genetic mother cannot physically carry a baby to term or does not want to be pregnant. A healthy woman acts as surrogate mother by becoming pregnant with an embryo that is conceived through IVF and contains the DNA of the genetic mother and father. Often a female friend or relative volunteers to be the surrogate. Commercial surrogacy occurs when the surrogate mother carries the developing baby for a fee. A contract is entered into by both parties: the surrogate mother and the genetic parents. Figure 1 Surrogate mother Deborah Bolig (left) and Joan Lunden (right) hold the twins. Make a Decision A series of meetings have been organized by the federal and provincial governments to address the concerns related to the hiring of surrogates. Many of the stakeholders have been asked to make presentations at these meetings. The stakeholders have very different perspectives about surrogacy. NEL 4.8 Explore an Issue 137
Sample Stakeholder Perspectives • An infertile couple has tried several times to conceive a baby using artificial reproductive technologies. These attempts have been expensive and unsuccessful. The couple’s eggs and sperm are healthy, but the woman cannot maintain a pregnancy. Being able to use a surrogate mother to give birth to a baby with the couple’s DNA would allow them to raise their own child. • A young woman would like to be a surrogate mother. She wants to use the money to fund her university studies. • A fertility specialist has performed several embryo transfers and thinks the procedure is generally safe for both the embryo and the surrogate mother. • The ministry of health is concerned that if either the baby or the mother developed complications during the pregnancy, difficult decisions would have to be made. These decisions could have unexpected consequences. Who would make these decisions? • The ministry of social services thinks that there are many young children who are in need of loving homes, and there are young women with unwanted pregnancies who plan to put up their babies for adoption. Infertile couples should consider adoption instead of surrogacy. • A women’s rights advocate thinks that surrogacy exploits the female body. Complications during the pregnancy may affect the surrogate mother’s ability to have children later on in her life. 1. In your group, read the sample stakeholder perspectives, and evaluate each one. 2. Record the main ideas in a table with the headings “For the statement” and “Against the statement.” Add your own ideas under these headings as well. 3. Choose a stakeholder that you will represent. 4. Conduct research, using the Internet and other sources, to find information that supports the perspective of your stakeholder. The stakeholder’s perspective should support or refute the statement. www.science.nelson.com GO Communicate Your Decision 5. In your group, prepare to present your stakeholder’s perspective to the audience. Present only the opinions of the stakeholder that you represent. Be prepared to answer questions from other stakeholders and audience members. Also be prepared to ask questions of other presenters. 6. After the presentations have been made and the questions have been answered, discuss in your group whether your position has changed. Using your position, prepare your recommendations to the government. Make sure that your recommendations are supported. 138 <strong>Unit</strong> A <strong>Reproduction</strong> NEL
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CHAPTER 2 Cell Growth and Reproduct
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2.1 The Importance of Cell Division
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Figure 2 Plant cell structures cyto
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2.3 From DNA to Proteins You have l
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LEARNING TIP Think about the sectio
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USING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA TO SOLVE MY
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2B Investigation Determining the Ra
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CHAPTER 2 Review Cell Growth and Re
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CHAPTER 3 Sexual Reproduction KEY I
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3.1 Meiosis LEARNING TIP Scan the t
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allele for straight hairline homolo
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Unit A Reproduction

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