Unit A Reproduction

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2. Prepare a table similar to Table 1. Table 1 Characteristic Flower 1 Flower 2 number of petals number of sepals (c) (d) Were there differences between the two flowers? List any differences. How can you explain these differences? Were there any structures in Figure 1 that were missing on either of your flowers? Describe these structures. 3. Choose two flowers from the selection available. Examine both flowers closely with a magnifier or under the dissecting microscope. Count the number of petals, sepals, stamen, and pistils on each flower. Record your observations in your table. 4. Remove a few adjoining petals and sepals, and examine the inside of each flower. 5. Draw a diagram of each flower. Label the structures you can identify. Indicate which structures are male and which structures are female. 6. Using the scalpel, carefully cut through the pistil from top to bottom. Examine the inside with a magnifier and the dissecting microscope. 7. Draw a diagram of the inside of each pistil, and label all the structures. 8. When you are finished the dissections, dispose of the flowers as instructed, and clean your work area carefully. Evaluation (e) Were you able to make adequate observations using the magnifying glass and dissecting microscope? Explain your answer. Synthesis (f) Why are the sepals not coloured the same as the petals? (g) Based on the structures of your flowers, suggest how each might be pollinated. (h) Based on where the ovaries are located in your flowers, suggest what the male gamete has to do to reach the egg in each flower. (i) Observe the structure of the ovary. Explain how this structure is suitable for containing the fertilized egg. (j) What happens to the fertilized egg(s) in flowers? (k) What other methods could you use to observe differences among flowers? Analysis (a) Was your prediction correct? Explain why or why not, based on your observations. (b) Were there similarities between the two different flowers? List any similarities. Why should there be similarities? NEL Chapter 3 Investigation 99
3B Investigation Examining Seeds Recall, from Grade 8 science, that the chloroplasts in the leaves of a plant produce starch. This starch is used by the plant as a food supply. Where does a seed get the energy to grow the first shoots and leaves? Seeds are part of the diet of a variety of animals, including humans. Starch is one molecule that is produced by plants that animals eat. Iodine is a chemical that turns a blue-black colour when starch is present. Question Does a plant seed contain other components, in addition to the embryo? Prediction Write a prediction about what you will find inside plant seeds. Experimental Design In this investigation, you will examine bean and corn seeds and identify the structures of the embryo. You will also identify structures that may contain starch, a common plant food molecule. You will test the seeds with iodine to determine the presence of starch. Materials • safety goggles • disposable gloves • apron • dry lima-bean seeds • dissecting needle • magnifier (lens or loupe) or dissecting microscope • pipette • iodine solution • corn seeds soaked in water for 24 h • forceps • scalpel INQUIRY SKILLS Questioning Hypothesizing Predicting Planning Procedure Conducting Recording Analyzing Evaluating Synthesizing Communicating Exercise care and caution when using sharp dissecting needles and scalpels. Wear your safety goggles, gloves, and apron throughout this investigation. Iodine irritates eyes and skin, and may stain clothing. 1. Obtain a dry bean seed, and a bean seed that has been soaked in water for 24 h. Use Figure 1 to help you identify the various parts of the seed. Compare the appearance of the two seeds. Record your observations. bean seed (front view) bean seed (side view) Figure 1 Bean seed anatomy bean seed (split open) cotyledon scar epicotyl hypocotyl radicle cotyledon embryo 2. Use your fingers to gently remove the seed coat from the soaked bean seed. 3. Carefully insert the dissecting needle into the joint between the two seed halves. 4. Locate the parts of the embryo, and examine them with a magnifier or the dissecting microscope. Draw and label a diagram of the embryo. 5. Using a pipette, carefully add individual drops of iodine to various parts of the embryo. On your diagram, use a coloured pencil to indicate where the iodine changed colour. 6. With a magnifier, examine a kernel of corn that has been soaked in water. Look for the embryo (Figure 2). On one of the flat sides, you should see a pale oval area with a narrow ridge along 100 <strong>Unit</strong> A <strong>Reproduction</strong> NEL
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CHAPTER 2 Cell Growth and Reproduct
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2.1 The Importance of Cell Division
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2.1 CHECK YOUR Understanding 1. Giv
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Figure 2 Plant cell structures cyto
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2.3 From DNA to Proteins You have l
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Did You KNOW? The Human Genome The
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LEARNING TIP Think about the sectio
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