Unit A Reproduction

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the centre. The oval area is the cotyledon, and the ridge is the embryo containing the radicle and the epicotyl. The radicle is toward the point of attachment to the cob, and the epicotyl is near the silk scar. cotyledon epicotyl radicle point of attachment to cob silk scar endosperm whole kernel (front view) whole kernel (side view) Evaluation (d) Bean seeds are classified as dicotyledons, and corn seeds are classified as as monocotyledons. On the basis of your observations, explain the meaning of the prefixes “mono” and “di.” (e) Examine Figures 4 and 5, which show bean and corn seeds developing, or germinating. Describe what is happening to the cotyledons in the bean and the endosperm in the corn as the two seedlings grow. Using your results in step 5, explain what is happening. Figure 2 Corn seed anatomy 7. Draw and label a diagram of your corn seed. How does the corn seed differ from the bean seed? 8. Hold the seed with your forceps. Using the scalpel, carefully cut the corn seed in half lengthwise to expose the interior of the seed (Figure 3). Figure 4 A germinating bean seed side view Figure 3 Step 8 9. Repeat step 5 with the corn seed. Analysis (a) (b) (c) Did you find structures that contained starch? Explain why or why not, based on your observations. Were there similarities between the two different seeds? List any similarities. Why should there be similarities? Were there differences between the two seeds? List any differences. How can you explain these differences? Figure 5 A germinating corn seed Synthesis (f) Based on your observations, write a hypothesis that explains where an embryo gets the energy it needs to grow the first shoots and leaves. (g) Both the cotyledons of the bean seed and the endosperm of the corn seed get smaller as germination progresses. Suggest a reason for this. Does your reason support your prediction? NEL Chapter 3 Investigation 101
CHAPTER 3 Review Sexual Reproduction Key Ideas Meiosis is the process that produces sex cells. • Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in the gametes by half. • Diploid (2n) cells are called somatic cells and have a complete set of chromosomes. Haploid cells (n) are called gametes and have half the parent cell’s chromosomes. • Male sex cells are called sperm. Female sex cells are called eggs or ova. • Corresponding chromosomes, with genes for the same traits, are called homologous chromosomes. • Meiosis produces four haploid gametes. Mitosis produces two diploid cells. Sexual reproduction involves the joining of genetic material from two parents. • During fertilization, the sperm and the egg fuse to produce a diploid zygote. • The zygote has a complete set of chromosomes, half from each parent. Sexual reproduction creates the incredible diversity among members of the same species. • The offspring are genetically different from the parents and siblings. • Alleles are different forms of the same gene and, when combined, can produce a variety of different traits. • Diversity among offspring allows species to survive in a changing environment. Vocabulary somatic cells, p. 74 gametes, p. 74 sperm, p. 74 eggs (ova), p. 74 meiosis, p. 74 haploid, p. 74 diploid, p. 74 homologous chromosomes, p. 75 meiosis I, p. 75 meiosis II, p. 76 fertilization, p. 79 diversity, p. 79 alleles, p. 80 dominant allele, p. 80 recessive allele, p. 80 conjugation, p. 83 hermaphrodite, p. 83 stamen, p. 85 filament, p. 85 anther, p. 85 pollen, p. 85 pistil, p. 85 stigma, p. 85 style, p. 85 ovary, p. 85 petals, p. 85 sepals, p. 85 pollination, p. 85 external fertilization, p. 86 internal fertilization, p. 86 102 Unit A Reproduction NEL
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CHAPTER 2 Cell Growth and Reproduct
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2.1 The Importance of Cell Division
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2.1 CHECK YOUR Understanding 1. Giv
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Figure 2 Plant cell structures cyto
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2.3 From DNA to Proteins You have l
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Did You KNOW? The Human Genome The
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LEARNING TIP Think about the sectio
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USING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA TO SOLVE MY
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Unit A Reproduction

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