Climate change futures: health, ecological and economic dimensions

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Carmenza Robledo Gruppe Oekologie EMPA Cynthia Rosenzweig Senior Research Scientist NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies Philippe Rossignol Professor Oregon State University Chris Roythorne Vice President Health (Retired) BP Plc. Earl Saxon Climate Change Scientist The Nature Conservancy Markus Schneemann Medical Officer Swiss Re Kurt Schneiter Member of the Board Federal Office of Private Insurance Roland Schulze Professor University of Kwazulu-Natal South Africa Joel Schwartz Professor of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Jeffrey Shaman College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University Richard L. Shanks Managing Director AON Rowena Smith Consultant Nicole St. Clair Formerly Ceres Thomas Stocker Universität Bern Michael Stopford Head of Global Public Affairs and Government Syngenta International AG Rick Thomas Head of Research Partner Reinsurance Co. Michael Totten Senior Director Conservation International Center for Environmental Leadership in Business Ursula Ulrich-Vögtlin Cheffe de la Division Politique de Santé Multisectorielle Henk van Schaik Managing Director Dialogue on Water and Climate Jan von Overbeck Head of Medical Services Swiss Re Mathis Wackernagel Global Footprint Network Christopher Thomas Walker Managing Director Swiss Re Richard Walsh Head of Health Association of British Insurers Robert J. Weireter Associate Product Line Manager – Environmental Liability Swiss Re America Corp. Martin Whittaker Formaly Innovest Ceres Swiss Re Mary Wilson Harvard Medical School Ginny Worrest Senior Policy Advisor for Energy, Environment & Natural Resources Office of US Senator Olympia J. Snowe Robert Worrest Senior Research Scientist Center for International Earth Science Information Network Columbia University X.B. Yang Professor of Plant Pathology Iowa State University Durwood Zaelke Office of the International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Secretariat Aurelia Zanetti Economic Research and Consulting Swiss Re 123 | APPENDICES
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Climate Change Futures Health, Ecol
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Published by: The Center for Health
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PREAMBLE Hurricane Katrina 4 | PREA
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6 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY With this in
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8 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Other non-lin
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THE CASE STUDIES IN BRIEF Floods in
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12 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE CCF PROJ
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PART I: The Climate Context Today
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(see McCarthy et al. 2001). As glac
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Table 1.1 Extreme Weather Events an
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DISCONTINUITIES CLIVAR, Climate Var
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Figure 1.6 The Frequency of Weather
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Figure 1.7 Trends in Events, Losses
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• Thawing of permafrost (permanen
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CCF-II: GRADUAL WARMING WITH INCREA
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PART II: Case Studies
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND EMERGING INFECTI
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HEALTH IMPACTS Malaria is character
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Figure 2.5 Brazil N Brazil COLOMBIA
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estimates (over and above current a
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SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS Preventing
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262 deaths in 2003; 7,470 cases and
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98% of the two-year life cycle take
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The rise in minimum temperature res
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While the role of allergen exposure
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AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE ISSU
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EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS 1984 and 199
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS Heat
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Figure 2.20 Projected Excess Deaths
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THE ROLE OF CLIMATE Australia exper
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Service). Since 2002, severe floods
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Table 2.1 Economic Losses in Europe
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NATURAL AND MANAGED SYSTEMS adelgid
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created unstable conditions conduci
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Climate research has already identi
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LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH 1993 HEAVY P
Page 74 and 75: Figure 2.28 Soybean Rust Introducti
Page 76 and 77: Table 2.3 Extreme Weather Events Ca
Page 78 and 79: General measures to reduce the impa
Page 80 and 81: Physiological stresses on reef orga
Page 82 and 83: There are many questions concerning
Page 84 and 85: • Terminating practices that dest
Page 86 and 87: ecome contaminated with viruses and
Page 88 and 89: In 2001 the IPCC fully recognized t
Page 90 and 91: While seawater desalinization is cu
Page 92 and 93: PART III: Financial Implications, S
Page 94 and 95: Figure 3.1 Reinsurance Prices Are H
Page 96 and 97: RISK SPREADING IN DEVELOPED AND DEV
Page 98 and 99: THE LIMITS OF INSURABILITY Not all
Page 100 and 101: (also known as “cash-flow underwr
Page 102 and 103: from areas plagued by persistent dr
Page 104 and 105: Engagement of the insurance industr
Page 106 and 107: Industry observers point out that p
Page 108 and 109: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Jus
Page 110 and 111: FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Regulators an
Page 112 and 113: of carbon-risk hedging products, su
Page 114 and 115: Summary Table of Extreme Weather Ev
Page 116 and 117: Table B.1 Summer Percentage Frequen
Page 118 and 119: Climate sensitivity for small-scale
Page 120 and 121: diffuse and do not manifest in sing
Page 122 and 123: APPENDIX D. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AT
Page 126 and 127: BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 128 and 129: Brownstein, J. S., Holford, T. R. &
Page 130 and 131: Diaz-Sanchez, D., Penichet-Garcia,
Page 132 and 133: Hay, S. I., Cox, J., Rogers, D. J.
Page 134 and 135: Leeson, H. S. Longevity of Anophele
Page 136 and 137: Orwig, D. A. & Foster, D. R. Stand,
Page 138 and 139: Stainforth, D. A., Aina, T., Christ
Page 140: Contacts: Paul R. Epstein, M.D., M.
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Climate change futures: health, ecological and economic dimensions

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