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Op Amps for Everyone - The Repeater Builder's Technical ...

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Forward<br />

<strong>Everyone</strong> interested in analog electronics should find some value in this book, and an ef<strong>for</strong>t<br />

has been made to make the material understandable to the relative novice while not<br />

too boring <strong>for</strong> the practicing engineer. Special ef<strong>for</strong>t has been taken to ensure that each<br />

chapter can stand alone <strong>for</strong> the reader with the proper background. Of course, this causes<br />

redundancy that some people might find boring, but it’s worth the price to enable the satisfaction<br />

of a diversified audience.<br />

Start at Chapter 1 if you are a novice, and read through until completion of Chapter 9. After<br />

Chapter 9 is completed, the reader can jump to any chapter and be confident that they<br />

are prepared <strong>for</strong> the material. More experienced people such as electronic technicians,<br />

digital engineers, and non-electronic engineers can start at Chapter 3 and read through<br />

Chapter 9. Senior electronic technicians, electronic engineers, and fledgling analog engineers<br />

can start anywhere they feel com<strong>for</strong>table and read through Chapter 9. Experienced<br />

analog engineers should jump to the subject that interests them. Analog gurus should<br />

send their additions, corrections, and complaints to me, and if they see something that<br />

looks familiar, they should feel complimented that others appreciate their contributions.<br />

Chapter 1 is a history and story chapter. It is not required reading <strong>for</strong> anyone, but it defines<br />

the op amp’s place in the world of analog electronics. Chapter 2 reviews some basic physics<br />

and develops the fundamental circuit equations that are used throughout the book.<br />

Similar equations have been developed in other books, but the presentation here emphasizes<br />

material required <strong>for</strong> speedy op amp design. <strong>The</strong> ideal op amp equations are developed<br />

in Chapter 3, and this chapter enables the reader to rapidly compute op amp transfer<br />

equations including ac response. <strong>The</strong> emphasis on single power supply systems <strong>for</strong>ces<br />

the designer to bias circuits when the inputs are referenced to ground, and Chapter 4<br />

gives a detailed procedure that quickly yields a working solution every time.<br />

<strong>Op</strong> amps can’t exist without feedback, and feedback has inherent stability problems,<br />

so feedback and stability are covered in Chapter 5. Chapters 6 and 7 develop the voltage<br />

feedback op amp equations, and they teach the concept of relative stability and compensation<br />

of potentially unstable op amps. Chapter 8 develops the current feedback op<br />

amp equations and discusses current feedback stability. Chapter 9 compares current<br />

feedback and voltage feedback op amps. <strong>The</strong> meat of this book is Chapters 12, 13, and<br />

14 where the reader is shown how design the converter to transducer/actuator interface<br />

with the aid of op amps.<br />

<strong>The</strong> remaining chapters give support material <strong>for</strong> Chapters 12, 13, and 14. Chapter 18<br />

was a late addition. Portable applications are expanding rapidly and they emphasize the<br />

need <strong>for</strong> low-voltage/low-power design techniques. Chapter 18 defines some parameters<br />

in a new way so they lend themselves to low voltage design, and it takes the reader<br />

through several low voltage designs.<br />

i

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