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All-Pass Filter Design f C T gr0 t gr0 1.087 kHz To complete the design, look up the filter coefficients for a seventh-order all-pass filter, specify C, and calculate the resistor values for each partial filter. Cascading the first-order all-pass with the three second-order stages results in the desired seventh-order all-pass filter. C 2 R 11 R 11 R 12 V IN C 2 R 22 R 32 R 2 R 1 C 1 R 2 R 13 C 3 C 3 R 23 R 33 R 3 R 3 R 14 C 4 C 4 R 24 R 34 R 4 V OUT R 4 Figure 16–45. Seventh-Order All-Pass Filter 16-46
Practical Design Hints 16.8 Practical Design Hints This section introduces dc-biasing techniques for filter designs in single-supply applications, which are usually not required when operating with dual supplies. It also provides recommendations on selecting the type and value range of capacitors and resistors as well as the decision criteria for choosing the correct op amp. 16.8.1 Filter Circuit Biasing The filter diagrams in this chapter are drawn for dual supply applications. The op amp operates from a positive and a negative supply, while the input and the output voltage are referenced to ground (Figure 16–46). +V CC C 1 R 1 R 2 V IN VOUT – V CC Figure 16–46. Dual-Supply Filter Circuit For the single supply circuit in Figure 16–47, the lowest supply voltage is ground. For a symmetrical output signal, the potential of the noninverting input is level-shifted to midrail. +V CC C IN R B R 1 R 2 V IN R B V MID V OUT Figure 16–47. Single-Supply Filter Circuit The coupling capacitor, C IN in Figure 16–47, ac-couples the filter, blocking any unknown dc level in the signal source. The voltage divider, consisting of the two equal-bias resistors R B , divides the supply voltage to V MID and applies it to the inverting op amp input. For simple filter input structures, passive RC networks often provide a low-cost biasing solution. In the case of more complex input structures, such as the input of a second-order Active Filter Design Techniques 16-47
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Design Reference August 2002 Advanc
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Forward Everyone interested in anal
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Contents Contents 1 The Op Amp’s
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Contents 10 Op Amp Noise Theory and
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Contents 14.4.3 AC Application Erro
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Contents 17.7.1 Through-Hole Consid
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Figures Figures 2-1 Ohm’s Law App
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Figures 7-5 TL08X Frequency and Tim
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Figures 13-12 Differential Amplifie
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Figures 16-41 Comparison of Q Betwe
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Figures A-37 Basic Wien Bridge Osci
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Examples Examples 16-1 First-Order
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Chapter 1 The Op Amp’s Place In T
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The first signal conditioning op am
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Chapter 2 Review of Circuit Theory
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Voltage Divider Rule source, throug
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Thevenin’s Theorem 2.5 Thevenin
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Thevenin’s Theorem V OUT V TH R
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Calculation of a Saturated Transist
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Transistor Amplifier 2 V (from 8 V
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Chapter 3 Development of the Ideal
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The Noninverting Op Amp 3.2 The Non
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The Adder 3-5, and if R F = 100 k a
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Complex Feedback Networks portion o
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Video Amplifiers 3.7 Video Amplifie
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Summary 3.9 Summary When the proper
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Chapter 4 Single-Supply Op Amp Desi
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Circuit Analysis R G R F +V V IN _
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Circuit Analysis V OUT VCC -V IN
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Circuit Analysis R G R F V CC V REF
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Simultaneous Equations m 2 1 0.1
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Simultaneous Equations R F R G R G
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Simultaneous Equations measured 4.5
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Simultaneous Equations +5V R 2 820
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Simultaneous Equations |m| 5.56 R
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Simultaneous Equations 4.3.4 Case 4
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Simultaneous Equations -0.10 -0.15
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Chapter 5 Feedback and Stability Th
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Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
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Block Diagram Math and Manipulation
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Bode Analysis of Feedback Circuits
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Loop Gain Plots are the Key to Unde
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The Second Order Equation and Ringi
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Chapter 6 Development of the Non Id
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Review of the Canonical Equations T
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Noninverting Op Amps 6.3 Noninverti
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Inverting Op Amps The transfer equa
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Differential Op Amps A aZ G Z G Z
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Chapter 7 Voltage-Feedback Op Amp C
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Internal Compensation Figure 7-2 sh
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Internal Compensation AVD - Large-S
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Internal Compensation - Large-Signa
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Dominant-Pole Compensation 7.4 Domi
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Dominant-Pole Compensation 100 dB D
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Lead Compensation Gain compensation
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Lead Compensation slopes down at -2
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Compensated Attenuator Applied to O
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Lead-Lag Compensation C R + _ V OUT
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Conclusions Dominant pole compensat
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Chapter 8 Current-Feedback Op Amp A
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The Noninverting CFA output impedan
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The Inverting CFA V OUT V IN Z1 Z
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Stability Analysis 8.6 Stability An
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Selection of the Feedback Resistor
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Stability and Input Capacitance Tab
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Compensation of CF and CG Z F A R
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Chapter 9 Voltage- and Current-Feed
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Bandwidth The noninverting input of
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Bandwidth The CFA is a current oper
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Impedance The CFA stability is not
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Equation Comparison Table 9-1. Tabu
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Chapter 10 Op Amp Noise Theory and
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Characterization 10.2.2 Noise Floor
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Types of Noise 10.3.1 Shot Noise Th
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Types of Noise as average dc curren
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Types of Noise Some characteristics
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Noise Colors There are an infinite
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Op Amp Noise 1000 Hz V n - Input No
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Op Amp Noise can be represented bet
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Op Amp Noise This simplifies the ga
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Putting It All Together 10.6 Puttin
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Putting It All Together When it is
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References +5 V 100 k +5 V 100 k V
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Chapter 11 Understanding Op Amp Par
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Operational Amplifier Parameter Glo
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Additional Parameter Information 10
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Additional Parameter Information +V
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Additional Parameter Information of
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Chapter 12 Instrumentation: Sensors
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The system definition specifies the
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pends heavily on test conditions su
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the bias resistor, R 1 , is selecte
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V OUT I D R F (12-6) The phototran
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the semiconductor in a direction pe
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eference has a temperature drift of
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impedance of the transducer. The te
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Y mX b (12-14) Two pairs of data
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Table 12-5. Offset and Gain Error B
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R G 23.7 kΩ R FB 280 kΩ R FA 200
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12.10 Test The final circuit is rea
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Chapter 13 Wireless Communication:
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Wireless Systems ality. Image rejec
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Wireless Systems of the DAC, is usu
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Selection of ADCs/DACs The mean squ
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Selection of ADCs/DACs fication. Wi
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Anti-Aliasing Filters The op amp dy
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Communication D/A Converter Reconst
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External Vref Circuits for ADCs/DAC
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External Vref Circuits for ADCs/DAC
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High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
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High-Speed Analog Input Drive Circu
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Chapter 14 Interfacing D/A Converte
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Understanding the D/A Converter and
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Understanding the D/A Converter and
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D/A Converter Error Budget 14.4.1 A
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D/A Converter Error Budget 20 Ampli
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D/A Converter Errors and Parameters
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Increasing Op Amp Buffer Amplifier
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Chapter 15 Sine Wave Oscillators Ro
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Phase Shift in the Oscillator 15.3
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Active Element (Op Amp) Impact on t
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Analysis of the Oscillator Operatio
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Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits Phase
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Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits large
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Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits The i
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Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits R F 1
Page 279 and 280: Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits V OUT
Page 281 and 282: Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits resis
Page 283 and 284: Sine Wave Oscillator Circuits 15.7.
Page 285 and 286: Chapter 16 Active Filter Design Tec
Page 287 and 288: Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters V
Page 289 and 290: Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters A(
Page 291 and 292: Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters 16
Page 293 and 294: Fundamentals of Low-Pass Filters 10
Page 295 and 296: Low-Pass Filter Design The multipli
Page 297 and 298: Low-Pass Filter Design C 1 R 1 R 2
Page 299 and 300: Low-Pass Filter Design V IN R 1 R 2
Page 301 and 302: Low-Pass Filter Design The general
Page 303 and 304: Low-Pass Filter Design In order to
Page 305 and 306: High-Pass Filter Design With C 1 =
Page 307 and 308: High-Pass Filter Design 16.4.1 Firs
Page 309 and 310: High-Pass Filter Design To simplify
Page 311 and 312: Band-Pass Filter Design R 1 1 1 2
Page 313 and 314: Band-Pass Filter Design 16.5.1 Seco
Page 315 and 316: Band-Pass Filter Design Because of
Page 317 and 318: Band-Pass Filter Design A mi is
Page 319 and 320: Band-Pass Filter Design In accordan
Page 321 and 322: Band-Rejection Filter Design |A| [d
Page 323 and 324: Band-Rejection Filter Design or to
Page 325 and 326: All-Pass Filter Design 0 |A| — Ga
Page 327 and 328: All-Pass Filter Design Inserting th
Page 329: All-Pass Filter Design The transfer
Page 333 and 334: Practical Design Hints +V CC +V CC
Page 335 and 336: Practical Design Hints The differen
Page 337 and 338: Practical Design Hints 16.8.4 Op Am
Page 339 and 340: Filter Coefficient Tables 16.9 Filt
Page 341 and 342: Filter Coefficient Tables Table 16-
Page 347 and 348: References 16.10 References D.Johns
Page 349 and 350: Chapter 17 Circuit Board Layout Tec
Page 351 and 352: PCB Mechanical Construction 17.2 PC
Page 353 and 354: PCB Mechanical Construction V+ IN -
Page 355 and 356: Grounding ponents and feed-throughs
Page 357 and 358: Grounding components carefully if t
Page 359 and 360: The Frequency Characteristics of Pa
Page 369 and 370: Decoupling + Figure 17-15. Logic Ga
Page 371 and 372: Input and Output Isolation A decoup
Page 373 and 374: Packages SINGLE DUAL SHORT TRACES L
Page 375 and 376: Packages and other passive componen
Page 377 and 378: References 17.8.4 Routing 17.
Page 379 and 380: Chapter 18 Designing Low-Voltage Op
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Dynamic Range The trick to designin
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Signal-to-Noise Ratio Table 18-1. C
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Input Common-Mode Range Many low vo
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Input Common-Mode Range The input s
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Output Voltage Swing Op amps always
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Single-Supply Circuit Design every
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Transducer to ADC Analog Interface
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface is
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DAC to Actuator Analog Interface Th
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Comparison of Op Amps Table 18-2. O
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Summary mon-mode range of the op am
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Appendix A Single-Supply Circuit Co
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Introduction + 5 V R G R F +V CC _
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Amplifiers A.3 Amplifiers Many type
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Amplifiers A.3.3 Inverting Op Amp w
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Amplifiers A.3.5 Noninverting Op Am
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Amplifiers A.3.7 Noninverting Op Am
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Amplifiers A.3.9 Differential Ampli
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Amplifiers A.3.11 High Input Impeda
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Amplifiers A.3.13 High-Precision Di
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Amplifiers A.3.15 Variable Gain Dif
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Amplifiers A.3.17 Buffer The buffer
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Amplifiers A.3.19 Noninverting AC A
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Computing Circuits A.4.2 Noninverti
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Computing Circuits A.4.4 Inverting
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Computing Circuits A.4.10 Noninvert
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Oscillators A.5 Oscillators This se
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Oscillators A.5.3 Wien Bridge Oscil
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Oscillators A.5.5 Classical Phase S
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Oscillators A.5.7 Bubba Oscillator
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Appendix BA Single-Supply Op Amp Se
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Table B-1. Single-Supply Operationa
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A AC loads, DAC, 14-2 AC parameters
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low pass filter, 16-1 low-pass filt
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esistor ladder, 14-2 to 14-4 resist
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phase shift for TL07x, 7-5 phase sh
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N Noise, 10-8 to 10-10 avalanche, 1
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packages, 17-24 to 17-27 parallel s
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Theorem Norton’s, 2-5 Superpositi
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