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Zpráva o činnosti v roce 2006 (10MB) - SVT

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chrastice. Spalování travin naráží ještì na legislativní problém<br />

- daný kotel smí spalovat pouze to palivo, pro které je<br />

odzkoušen a schválen. V souèasné dobì jsou velké kotle<br />

schváleny pouze na spalování døeva a slámy a malé kotle<br />

jen na døevo. Výjimkou je automatický kotel A25 na spalování<br />

pelet, který je schválen i na obilní peletky. Tímto smìrem<br />

bude soustøedìna naše pozornost v dalším období.<br />

Výsledky, prezentované v pøíspìvku, byly získány pøi øešení<br />

výzkumného projektu NAZV QF4179 Využití trav pro<br />

energetické úèely.<br />

Kontakt: Ing. David Andert, CSc.<br />

The performed combustion trials with the small boiler<br />

Verner V 25 have proved that the grass can be combusted<br />

in selected combustion devices with maintenance of the<br />

emission limits. It also was displayed that the suitable fuels<br />

are red top and fescue. For the combustion purposes is<br />

suitable to provide harvest as late as possible after the<br />

seed technical ripeness. Effect of the mash size during the<br />

red top crushing before the briquettes pressing has not<br />

effect on emissions but merely on the briquettes quality<br />

(as lesser mash as better briquettes strenthness). As less<br />

suitable fuel is tall-out grass. Within the next research there<br />

will be tested the mixtures of different grasses, the brome<br />

grass and reed canory grass. The grass combustion is now<br />

in conflict with the legislative problem, i.e. the given boiler<br />

may burn only that fuel type for which was tested and<br />

approved. At present the large boilers are approved only<br />

for wood and straw combustion and the small ones only for<br />

a wood. An exception only is the automated boiler A25 for<br />

pellets combustion approved also for the small cereal pellets.<br />

To this sphere will be concentrated our attention in a<br />

future period,<br />

Results presented in this contribution were obtained during<br />

solution of the research project QF4179 Grass utilization<br />

for energy purposes.<br />

Topné brikety z biomasy travních porostù<br />

S rostoucím zájmem o energii z biomasy se zaèíná vìnovat<br />

pozornost energii z biomasy travních porostù.<br />

V souvislosti se stoupající úrovní a produktivitou<br />

v zemìdìlství se zvyšuje plocha pùdy, která nemá využití<br />

pro produkci potravin. Celkové plochy travních porostù<br />

v ÈR jsou uvedeny v tab. 1.<br />

Vzhledem k nutnosti udržování tìchto porostù, která je<br />

dána zákonem, je nutné (kromì výjimeèných pøípadù), dvakrát<br />

do roka provádìt seè. Tuto biomasu pak nutné<br />

z pozemku odstranit a je možné ji, kromì krmiváøských úèelù,<br />

využít i jinými zpùsoby. Jedním z možných zpùsobù je<br />

výroba standardizovaných paliv ve formì briket nebo pelet.<br />

Z typického travního porostu ve formì luèního sena byly<br />

lisovány brikety o prùmìru 65 mm, a to samostatnì i ve<br />

smìsích s jinými materiály. U vytvoøených briket byly zjišovány<br />

mechanické, palivo-energetické a emisní vlastnosti.<br />

Energetické vlastnosti jsou uvedeny v tab. 2.<br />

Pro zjištìní emisních parametrù briket byla použita akumulaèní<br />

kamna SK-2 (obr. 1). Zjištìné emise oxidu uhelnatého,<br />

což je velièina charakterizující kvalitu spalovacího p<strong>roce</strong>su,<br />

jsou uvedeny na obr. 2.<br />

Heating briquettes from grassland biomass<br />

With increasing interest for energy from biomass the attention<br />

is focused to the energy from grassland biomass.<br />

In connection with growing level and productivity in agriculture<br />

also the lend area without utilization for food production<br />

is extending. Total area of the grassland crops is<br />

presented in Tab. 1.<br />

With regard to necessity to maintain these crops stand<br />

given by the law it must be – except some cases – to provide<br />

mowing twice a year. This biomass then must be removed<br />

from the field and it is possible – except feed purposes<br />

– to utilize it also in other ways. One of that way are production<br />

of standardized fuels in form of briquettes or pellets.<br />

From typical grassland in form of meadow hay there<br />

were pressed the briquettes with diameter of 65 mm either<br />

individually or in blend with other materials. In the produced<br />

briquettes were investigated mechanical, fuel-energy<br />

and emission properties. The energy properties are presented<br />

in Tab. 2.<br />

To find briquettes emission parameters the accumulator<br />

stove SK-2 was used (see Fig. 1). The found NO emissions,<br />

i.e. quantity characterizing quality of the combustion p<strong>roce</strong>ss<br />

are presented in Fig.2.<br />

114

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